Nokea
Which of the following is a nurse patient care role in the preoperative phase?
- A. Obtaining preoperative orders
- B. Offering emotional support
- C. Explaining the surgical procedure
- D. Providing informed consent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the preoperative phase, one of the key roles of a nurse in patient care is to obtain preoperative orders. This involves ensuring that all necessary tests, medications, and procedures are in place before the surgery is performed. By obtaining preoperative orders, the nurse ensures that the patient is adequately prepared for the surgical procedure and that any potential risks or complications are minimized. This role requires attention to detail, clear communication with the healthcare team, and a thorough understanding of the patient's individual needs and medical history.
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A client is scheduled for a prostatectomy, and the anesthesiologist plans to use a spinal (sub-arachnoid) block during surgery. In the operating room, the nurse positions the client according to the anesthesiologist's instructions. Why does the client require special positioning for this type of anesthesia?
- A. To prevent confusion
- B. To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- C. To prevent seizures leakage
- D. To prevent cardiac arrhythmias
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Special positioning is required for a spinal (sub-arachnoid) block to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. The client is usually positioned in either a sitting or lateral decubitus position to allow for easier access to the spinal canal and ensure proper administration of the anesthesia. Maintaining the correct positioning helps to minimize the risk of CSF leakage, which can result in headaches and potential complications postoperatively. By positioning the client appropriately during the procedure, healthcare providers can optimize the effectiveness of the spinal block while reducing the risk of adverse effects.
In an individual with Sjogren's syndrome, nursing care should focus on:
- A. Moisture replacement
- B. Nutritional supplementation
- C. Electrolyte balance
- D. Arrhythmia management
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dryness of the eyes and mouth due to the destruction of moisture-producing glands. Nursing care for individuals with Sjogren's syndrome should focus on addressing the symptoms related to dryness. Moisture replacement is key in managing dry eyes and dry mouth, which can improve the patient's comfort and quality of life. Strategies for moisture replacement may include the use of artificial tears, saliva substitutes, and humidifiers to maintain adequate hydration and alleviate dryness. Nutritional supplementation, electrolyte balance, and arrhythmia management are not typically the primary focus of nursing care in individuals with Sjogren's syndrome.
In children with asthma, which of the following preoperative preparations is LEAST likely to be necessary?
- A. Increase in beta-agonist dosage
- B. Addition of systemic steroids
- C. Bronchodilator therapy
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In stable asthmatic patients, additional interventions like systemic steroids or increased beta-agonist doses are not always necessary unless there are signs of exacerbation.
Common side effects of stimulant medications include
- A. appetite suppression
- B. gastrointestinal tract symptoms
- C. sedation
- D. hepatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Appetite suppression is a common side effect of stimulant medications used to treat ADHD.
. A client is admitted to the health care facility for evaluation for Addison's disease. Which laboratory test result best supports a diagnosis of Addison's disease?
- A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of
- B. Serum sodium level of 134 mEq/L
- C. Serum potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L
- D. Blood glucose level of 90 mg/dl
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Addison's disease, also known as adrenocortical insufficiency, is characterized by a deficiency in adrenal cortex hormones, particularly glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. One of the characteristic findings in Addison's disease is hyperkalemia, which is an elevated serum potassium level. This is due to the lack of aldosterone production by the adrenal glands, leading to decreased potassium excretion by the kidneys. Therefore, a serum potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L would best support a diagnosis of Addison's disease among the given laboratory test results.