Nokea
Which of the following is a pharmacologic treatment option for a client with dilated cardiomyopathy?
- A. Phentermine
- B. Digoxin
- C. Anticholinergic
- D. Diuretics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dilated cardiomyopathy's floppy pump pools fluid diuretics drain it, easing strain, a key med fix. Digoxin aids contractility, phentermine's for weight, anticholinergics dry secretions none match diuretics' punch. Nurses lean on this, cutting preload, a cornerstone in this stretched heart's care.
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What is the relationship between hyperlipidaemia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)?
- A. Hyperlipidaemia contributes to the development of NASH
- B. NASH contributes to the development of hyperlipidaemia
- C. There is no relationship between hyperlipidaemia and NASH
- D. Answers 1 and 2 are correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NASH and hyperlipidaemia dance both ways high lipids pile fat, NASH pumps them back, a chronic loop. No split or null fits nurses track this lipid-liver ping-pong.
A patient has been assigned the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to painful oral ulcers. Which nursing action will be most effective in improving oral intake?
- A. Offer the patient frequent small snacks between meals.
- B. Assist the patient to choose favorite foods from the menu.
- C. Provide teaching about the importance of nutritional intake.
- D. Apply prescribed anesthetic gel to oral lesions before meals.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Painful oral ulcers from cancer or chemo kill appetite anesthetic gel (e.g., lidocaine) numbs them pre-meal, making eating bearable. Snacks and favorites tempt but don't dull pain. Teaching informs, not fixes. Nurses in oncology prioritize this pain relief drives intake, tackling the root of this nutrition nosedive.
Which of the following laboratory abnormalities is NOT associated with fatty liver?
- A. Elevated uric acid
- B. Elevated LDL-cholesterol
- C. Elevated fasting glucose
- D. Elevated creatinine kinase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fatty liver (NAFLD) links to metabolic syndrome elevated uric acid, LDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose, and triglycerides reflect insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Elevated creatinine kinase (CK) indicates muscle damage (e.g., myopathy), not a typical NAFLD feature, though liver enzymes (ALT/AST) rise. CK's absence from NAFLD profiles guides physicians in differential diagnosis during chronic liver disease assessment.
The following strategies can be used to help patients overcome the barriers and challenges faced in insulin therapy EXCEPT:
- A. Engage the patient in shared decision making
- B. Threaten the patient into adherence with insulin therapy
- C. Provide close supervision and follow-up when the patient is newly initiated on insulin therapy
- D. Offer measures to reduce weight gain through lifestyle and dietary advice, concomitant use of insulin with metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLPIRA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin's hurdles yield to shared decisions, close watch, weight tricks, and goal setting empowering, not bullying. Threats tank trust and adherence, backfiring in chronic care where buy-in's king. Support beats scare tactics, aligning with diabetes' need for partnership, a strategy flop amid solid aids.
Which statement is not true?
- A. chloroquine does not extinguish the dormant liver phase in vivax and ovale
- B. malaria is possible even if full prophylaxis is taken
- C. splenomegaly with rupture is possible
- D. a maculopapular rash is characteristic and common
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Malaria's rash rare, not hallmark unlike liver hideouts, prophylaxis slips, spleen bombs, or outpatient fits. Nurses nix this chronic myth.