Nokea
Which of the following is a primary function of the glomerulus?
- A. Filtration
- B. Reabsorption
- C. Secretion
- D. Transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Filtration is the correct answer because the glomerulus is a network of capillaries in the kidney that filters blood to form urine. It allows water, ions, and small molecules to pass into the renal tubules while retaining larger molecules like proteins and blood cells. This filtration process is the first step in urine formation and is critical for maintaining homeostasis.
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Proteins that are secreted by cells are generally
- A. not synthesized on membrane-bound ribosomes
- B. initially synthesized with a signal peptide or leader sequence at their C terminal
- C. found in vesicles and secretory granules
- D. moved across the cell membranes by endocytosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Secreted proteins are typically synthesized on membrane-bound ribosomes and transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via a signal peptide at their N-terminal. They are then packaged into vesicles and secretory granules for transport to the cell membrane and release. Endocytosis is not involved in secretion, and proteins are usually processed (e.g., glycosylated) in the ER and Golgi, but they are not secreted in a larger form than in the ER.
In caring for a client with Parkinson disease, it would be most important to
- A. encourage a low-residue diet
- B. explain the nature and treatment of the disease
- C. restrict fluid intake
- D. provide a walker for ambulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Education about the disease helps patients manage their condition effectively.
The nurse teaches individuals that one of the best ways to prevent musculoskeletal injuries during physical exercise is by doing what?
- A. Increase muscle strength with daily isometric exercise
- B. Avoid exercising on concrete or hard pavement surfaces
- C. Perform stretching and warm-up exercises before exercise
- D. Wrap susceptible joints with elastic bandages or adhesive tape before exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stretching and warming up prepare the muscles and joints for physical activity, reducing the risk of injury.
Mr. Sands continues to be quiet and withdrawn several days after admission. Besides Raynaud phenomenon, he has generalized telangiectasis. He seldom initiates conversation, and although up ad lib, he rarely leaves his room. Which one of the following goals would be most important to develop in his nursing care plan?
- A. Provide for solitude and rest
- B. Protect from temperature extremes
- C. Enhance self-concept
- D. Move to a four-bed ward
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enhancing self-concept can improve social interaction and emotional well-being.
A patient arrives in the ER with blurred and double vision, muscle weakness, and intolerance of temperature changes. The physician suspects multiple sclerosis. What test would you expect the physician to do in order to confirm his or her suspicions?
- A. CBC with a very low WBC count.
- B. MRI with gadolinium showing demyelination of nerve fibers.
- C. Endocrine function study with a low growth hormone and high T3 and T4.
- D. Fasting glucose test with a result over 300 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MRI with gadolinium is used to identify demyelination, which is characteristic of multiple sclerosis.