Nokea
Which of the following organisms causes epidemic meningitis cases at college campuses?
- A. Haemophilus influenzae type b
- B. Neisseria meningitidis
- C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- D. Listeria monocytogenes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neisseria meningitidis. This bacterium is a common cause of epidemic meningitis in college campuses due to person-to-person transmission, especially in crowded living spaces. It has a polysaccharide capsule that helps evade the immune system, leading to severe infections. Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes can also cause meningitis but are not typically associated with college campus epidemics.
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What is a normal response when assessing the pupillary light reflex?
- A. Pupils constrict in response to light and then dilate when light is removed.
- B. Pupils remain dilated regardless of light exposure.
- C. Pupils remain constricted regardless of light exposure.
- D. Pupils respond unevenly to light.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The normal pupillary light reflex involves constriction in response to light and dilation when light is removed. Uneven or absent responses are abnormal.
The first stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by:
- A. depression and anger
- B. hand tremors and confusion
- C. headaches and depression
- D. memory loss and confusion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first stage of Alzheimer's disease is typically marked by memory loss and confusion, particularly with recent events. As the disease progresses, more severe cognitive and functional impairments develop.
A patient is seen at the outpatient clinic for a sudden onset of inflammation and severe pain in the great toe. A definitive diagnosis of gouty arthritis is made on the basis of what?
- A. A family history of gout
- B. Elevated urine uric acid levels
- C. Elevated serum uric acid levels
- D. Presence of monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monosodium urate crystals confirm gout.
Autonomic dysreflexia can best be described as a
- A. serious complication occurring in patients with cord damage below the T-6 level
- B. frequent cause of cerebral hemorrhage and myocardial infarction
- C. normal sequelae of spinal cord injury
- D. sudden exaggerated sympathetic discharge
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autonomic dysreflexia involves an exaggerated sympathetic response in spinal cord injury patients.
Which of the following measures should the nurse strongly recommend to a client recovering from a ruptured Achilles tendon to help regain mobility, strength, and the full range of motion?
- A. Regular use of NSAIDs
- B. Vigorous exercise
- C. Physical therapy
- D. Non-medical interventions, such as yoga
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Physical therapy is essential for restoring function after tendon injuries.