Physical Exam Cardiovascular System

Physical Exam Cardiovascular System Related

Review Physical Exam Cardiovascular System related questions and content

Which of the following is a type of heart valve disease where the aortic valve becomes narrowed, restricting blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body?

  • A. Aortic stenosis
  • B. Mitral stenosis
  • C. Tricuspid regurgitation
  • D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis is a condition where the aortic valve narrows, impeding blood flow from the heart to the body, leading to symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Mitral stenosis involves narrowing of the mitral valve, affecting blood flow between the left atrium and ventricle.
C: Tricuspid regurgitation is when the tricuspid valve leaks, causing blood to flow backward into the heart.
D: Pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, unrelated to aortic valve narrowing.

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How might the blood pressure be affected in a client whose body mass index (BMI) is 31 (obese)?

  • A. increased
  • B. decreased
  • C. no change
  • D. a change either way
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Obesity is strongly associated with increased blood pressure due to factors like insulin resistance and increased vascular resistance.

The nurse is administering digoxin to a client. What is the most important parameter to check before administration?

  • A. Heart rate
  • B. Blood pressure
  • C. Respiratory rate
  • D. Oxygen saturation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart rate. Before administering digoxin, it is crucial to check the client's heart rate because digoxin is a medication that affects the heart. Monitoring the heart rate helps assess the client's cardiac function and determines if the medication can be safely given. Checking heart rate ensures that the client is not at risk for potential adverse effects such as bradycardia or arrhythmias. Blood pressure (B), respiratory rate (C), and oxygen saturation (D) are important parameters to monitor but are not as directly related to the action of digoxin on the heart.

What is a severe and often sudden allergic reaction that can lead to breathing difficulties and anaphylactic shock?

  • A. Anaphylaxis
  • B. Allergic rhinitis
  • C. Bronchospasm
  • D. Asthma attack
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe and sudden allergic reaction that can lead to breathing difficulties and anaphylactic shock due to the body's extreme immune response. Allergic rhinitis (B) is a milder allergic reaction affecting the nose and eyes. Bronchospasm (C) is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the airways, often associated with asthma. Asthma attack (D) refers to the exacerbation of asthma symptoms but does not necessarily involve anaphylactic shock.

The nurse is caring for a client on warfarin with an INR of 5.2. What is the most appropriate action?

  • A. Administer vitamin K as an antidote.
  • B. Hold the next dose of warfarin.
  • C. Increase the dose of warfarin.
  • D. Monitor the client's INR closely.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer vitamin K as an antidote. A high INR level of 5.2 indicates the client is at risk of bleeding due to excess anticoagulation from warfarin. Vitamin K helps reverse the effects of warfarin by promoting clotting factor production. Administering vitamin K is crucial to prevent bleeding complications. Holding the next dose of warfarin (B) is not enough to rapidly lower the INR. Increasing the dose of warfarin (C) would worsen the situation. Monitoring the client's INR closely (D) is important, but immediate action with vitamin K is necessary in this case.

A patient admitted to the hospital for evaluation of chest pain has no abnormal serum cardiac markers 4 hours after the onset of pain. What noninvasive diagnostic test can be used to differentiate angina from other types of chest pain?

  • A. 12-lead ECG
  • B. Exercise stress test
  • C. Coronary angiogram
  • D. Transesophageal echocardiogram
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Stress testing detects ischemia.

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