Nokea
Which of the following is biguanide:
- A. Glibenclamide
- B. Metformin
- C. Acarbose
- D. Liraglutide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin is a biguanide that reduces hepatic glucose output.
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Isoproterenol produces maximal contraction of cardiac muscle in a manner similar to epinephrine. Which of the following best describe isoproterenol?
- A. Fuller agonist
- B. Partial agonist
- C. Irreversible antagonist
- D. Inverse agonist
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isoproterenol's maximal effect similar to epinephrine indicates it is a full agonist at beta receptors.
The 'donut hole' in Medicare Part D:
- A. Will be totally eliminated with the federal health-care reform enacted in 2010
- B. Refers to the period of time when annual individual drug costs are between 250 and 2,250 per year and drug costs are covered 75%
- C. Refers to the period between when the annual individual drug costs are 2,970 and 4,750 and the patient pays 52.5% of the costs of brand name drugs (2013)
- D. Has no effect on whether patients continue to fill their prescriptions during the coverage gap
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The donut hole (2013) is the coverage gap where patients pay more out-of-pocket.
Thyroxin is contributed in all listed processes except one:
- A. Increase tissue demand of oxygen consumption
- B. Activating protein, carbohydrates and fats metabolism
- C. Increase the main metabolism
- D. Decrease the main metabolism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thyroxine (T4) increases metabolism, not decreases it, by enhancing oxygen use and nutrient breakdown.
A patient may develop neutropenia from using topical Silvadene for burns. Neutropenia is a(n):
- A. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction
- B. Immune complex hypersensitivity
- C. Immediate hypersensitivity reaction
- D. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neutropenia from Silvadene (silver sulfadiazine) is a Type II cytotoxic reaction , targeting blood cells, not immune complex , immediate , or delayed .
The patient is prescribed a medication that was just placed in Phase IV study. The patient tells the nurse, This medication is too expensive. Could the doctor order a generic form of this medication? What is the nurse's most accurate response?
- A. Medications are not produced in generic form until the patent expires, which normally takes several years.
- B. You can request the generic form but the binder used may make the drug less effective for this medication.
- C. The generic form of the medication would not be any less expensive because this is a relatively new medication.
- D. Generic medications are lower quality drugs and that would mean you would not be getting the best treatment available.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a new drug enters the market, it is given a time-limited patent; generic forms of the medication cannot be produced until the patent expires. Because no generic version of this drug will exist because it is so new, it is impossible to predict what binder will be used or what the cost would be.