Nokea
Which of the following is disease process characterized by a chronic progressive inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints and adjacent soft tissue?
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis
- B. Scoliosis
- C. Kyphosis
- D. Ankylosing spondylitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ankylosing spondylitis. This disease process is characterized by chronic progressive inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints and adjacent soft tissue. Ankylosing spondylitis specifically affects the spine and large joints. Rheumatoid arthritis (A) is characterized by joint inflammation and primarily affects small joints. Scoliosis (B) is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, not inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints. Kyphosis (C) is an excessive outward curvature of the spine, not related to inflammation of the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints.
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Nutritional considerations as part of the nursing care plan would include all of the following except that:
- A. The diet should be semisolid to facilitate the passage of food
- B. Calcium should be avoided
- C. The patient should be sitting in an upright position during feeding
- D. Thick fluids should be encouraged to provide additional calories NEUROLOGIC Situation - Richard Gabatan, a 32-year-old car salesman, suffered a spinal cord injury in a motor vehicle accident resulting to paraplegia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B: Calcium should be avoided
Rationale:
1. Calcium is an essential mineral for bone health, especially important for individuals with limited mobility like Richard.
2. Avoiding calcium can lead to bone weakening and increase the risk of fractures.
3. Nursing care plans should include adequate calcium intake to support bone health.
4. Therefore, avoiding calcium is not a recommended nutritional consideration.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: The diet should be semisolid to facilitate the passage of food - This is important for individuals with swallowing difficulties.
C: The patient should be sitting in an upright position during feeding - This aids in proper digestion and reduces the risk of aspiration.
D: Thick fluids should be encouraged to provide additional calories - Thick fluids may increase the risk of aspiration in patients with neurological conditions.
The effectiveness of Levodopa can be reduced when taking:
- A. Pyridoxine
- B. Bromocriptine
- C. Amantadine
- D. Amantadine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pyridoxine. Pyridoxine can reduce the effectiveness of Levodopa by converting it into dopamine before it reaches the brain, decreasing the therapeutic effects. Bromocriptine and Amantadine are actually used in combination with Levodopa to enhance its effects by different mechanisms. Choosing Amantadine as the answer is incorrect because it is listed twice in the choices and would not interfere with Levodopa's effectiveness.
A client has squamous cell cancer of the right lung that has metastasized to the brain. In addition to chemotherapy for lung cancer, the physician prescribes lomustine (CeeNU), 100 mg/m2 as a single dose, to treat the brain metastasis. What are the major administration and excretion routes of lomustine?
- A. Oral administration and urinary
- B. I.V. administration and urinary excretion
- C. I.V administration and fecal excretion
- D. Oral administration and fecal excretion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: I.V. administration and urinary excretion. Lomustine is typically administered intravenously, allowing for rapid systemic distribution. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys, thus the urinary route. This choice is correct as lomustine's pharmacokinetics align with this pattern.
A: Oral administration and urinary - While some drugs are administered orally, lomustine is not typically given orally due to poor bioavailability.
C: I.V. administration and fecal excretion - Lomustine is not primarily excreted via the feces, making this choice incorrect.
D: Oral administration and fecal excretion - Lomustine is not primarily excreted via the feces, making this choice incorrect.
A 17-year-old student enters the emergency department with a nosebleed that won’t quit. Which of the following positions is recommended for the patient with a nosebleed?
- A. Lying down with feet elevated
- B. Sitting up with neck extended
- C. Lying down with a small pillow under the head
- D. Sitting up leaning slightly forward
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sitting up leaning slightly forward. This position helps prevent blood from flowing back into the throat, reducing the risk of choking and aspiration. It also allows for better drainage of blood out of the nose. Lying down with feet elevated (choice A) can increase blood flow to the head and worsen the nosebleed. Sitting up with neck extended (choice B) can lead to blood flowing into the throat. Lying down with a small pillow under the head (choice C) may cause blood to flow backward.
A client is undergoing a diagnostic work-up for suspected testicular cancer. When obtaining the client’s history, the nurse checks for known risk factors for this type of cancer. Testicular cancer has been linked to:
- A. Testosterone therapy during childhood
- B. Sexually transmitted disease
- C. Early onset of puberty
- D. Cryptorchidism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism, or undescended testicle, is a known risk factor for testicular cancer as the undescended testicle is more prone to developing cancerous changes. This condition increases the risk of testicular cancer even if the testicle is surgically corrected later in life. Other choices like A (Testosterone therapy during childhood) and B (Sexually transmitted disease) are not linked to testicular cancer. Choice C (Early onset of puberty) is not a direct risk factor for testicular cancer.