Nokea
Which of the following is FALSE about the enteric nervous system?
- A. It works through local control.
- B. It consists of enteric sensory and motor neurons.
- C. Enteric interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons together.
- D. The enteric neurons are incapable of controlling digestive tract functions without the central nervous system (CNS).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
1. The enteric nervous system can autonomously regulate digestive functions locally without input from the central nervous system.
2. Enteric sensory and motor neurons are key components of the enteric nervous system, responsible for detecting stimuli and coordinating gut movements.
3. Enteric interneurons play a crucial role in connecting sensory and motor neurons within the enteric nervous system.
4. Choice D is false because the enteric neurons are capable of controlling digestive tract functions independently from the central nervous system.
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Why should a nurse instruct a client with an ileostomy to avoid enteric-coated products?
- A. The coating prevents the absorption of the product.
- B. The coating adversely affects ileostomy.
- C. The coating affects the absorption of vitamins.
- D. The coating causes particularly strong odors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because enteric-coated products are designed to bypass the stomach and dissolve in the small intestine, where absorption of medications occurs. Since an ileostomy bypasses the large intestine, the medication in enteric-coated products may not be fully absorbed, leading to reduced effectiveness. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the specific issue of absorption in the context of an ileostomy.
The nurse has completed initial instruction with a patient regarding a weight-loss program. Which patient comment indicates to the nurse that the teaching has been effective?
- A. I will keep a diary of daily weight to illustrate my weight loss.'
- B. I plan to lose 4 lb a week until I have lost the 60 lb I want to lose.'
- C. I should not exercise more than what is required so I don't increase my appetite.'
- D. I plan to join a behavior modification group to help establish long-term behavior changes.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates the patient's understanding of the importance of behavior modification for long-term weight loss success. By joining a behavior modification group, the patient shows a commitment to changing habits and lifestyle, which is crucial for sustained weight loss.
Choice A focuses on tracking weight loss progress, which is important but does not necessarily indicate a deep understanding of behavior change. Choice B sets unrealistic weight loss goals that may not be safe or sustainable. Choice C shows a misconception about exercise and appetite, indicating a potential misunderstanding of weight loss principles.
In summary, choice D is correct because it reflects a holistic approach to weight loss that includes addressing behavior patterns, while the other choices either focus on surface-level strategies or misunderstand key concepts related to weight loss.
Which organ produces bile?
- A. Pancreas
- B. Gallbladder
- C. Liver
- D. Stomach
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Liver. The liver produces bile, which plays a crucial role in digestion by breaking down fats. The pancreas (A) produces digestive enzymes, not bile. The gallbladder (B) stores bile produced by the liver but does not produce it. The stomach (D) produces gastric juices, not bile. Therefore, the liver is the only organ that produces bile, making it the correct answer.
Katrina is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. To avoid complications with lack of calcium in the diet, which food should be included in the diet?
- A. Fruit
- B. Whole grains
- C. Milk and cheese products
- D. Dark green, leafy vegetables
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dark green, leafy vegetables. Dark green, leafy vegetables are a good source of calcium and can help Katrina meet her calcium needs without consuming milk and cheese products. Since Katrina is lactose intolerant, consuming milk and cheese products can lead to gastrointestinal issues due to the inability to digest lactose. Fruits and whole grains do not provide significant amounts of calcium compared to dark green, leafy vegetables. Therefore, including dark green, leafy vegetables in the diet is the best option to prevent complications from lack of calcium intake.
Mucosa surface cell secretes mucous which provides a physical barrier between __ and __.
- A. Mucosa and Epithelium
- B. Lymph Vessel and lamina Propria
- C. Mucosa and Lumen
- D. Lumen and Epithelium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mucosa and Lumen. The mucosa surface cell secretes mucus that forms a physical barrier between the mucosa (inner lining of a cavity or organ) and the lumen (inner space of a tubular structure). This barrier protects the underlying tissues from harmful substances in the lumen.
Choice A (Mucosa and Epithelium) is incorrect because the mucosa is part of the epithelium layer, so it would not make sense for the physical barrier to be between them.
Choice B (Lymph Vessel and Lamina Propria) is incorrect because these structures are not directly related to the secretion of mucus for protection.
Choice D (Lumen and Epithelium) is incorrect because the physical barrier created by the mucus is specifically between the mucosa cells and the lumen, not the epithelium itself.