Nokea
Which of the following is most likely to improve a patient's adherence to taking medications?
- A. Providing free samples in the office
- B. Creating a system of punishments for nonadherent patients
- C. Discussing alternative therapies with patients
- D. Having continuity of care during office visits
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Continuity of care builds trust and consistency, key to improving adherence.
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In considering intervention choice points, where should a family practitioner begin?
- A. Couple dyadic-Experiential
- B. Family-Community/Behavioural-Interactional
- C. Individual-Historical
- D. Family-Community/Experiential
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Starting with family-community and behavioral-interactional approaches allows practitioners to assess systemic interactions and environmental influences first.
The nurse is reviewing the use of a condom to prevent the transmission of HIV with a young adult patient seeking testing for HIV. Which patient statement indicates an understanding of how to use a condom?
- A. Use a non-latex condom.
- B. Apply adequate oil-based lubricant.
- C. Apply condom before penile erection occurs.
- D. Withdraw from partner while the penis is erect.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because withdrawing from the partner while the penis is erect helps prevent leakage of semen and reduces the risk of HIV transmission. Applying a condom before penile erection (Choice C) is incorrect as it may lead to condom slippage. Using a non-latex condom (Choice A) is important for those with latex allergies, but it doesn't address proper condom use. Applying oil-based lubricant (Choice B) is incorrect as it can weaken latex condoms, increasing the risk of breakage.
The nurse notes that a patient with AIDS is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). For which opportunistic infection should the nurse realize that is this medication indicated?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. Cytomegalovirus retinitis
- C. Mycobacterium avium complex
- D. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, a common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. This medication combination is effective in preventing this specific infection due to its spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Pneumocystis jiroveci. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is not primarily indicated for tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, or Mycobacterium avium complex.
The adult children of an elderly client are interested in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies to help manage their mother's poststroke depression. The nurse responds:
- A. There has been no research done to investigate the effectiveness of CAM on depression like your mother's.'
- B. At your mother's age CAM therapies are not indicated since they may affect her impaired renal function.'
- C. There has been some research to support the use of acupuncture in managing depression that occurs after strokes.'
- D. I'd suggest you discuss this with your mother's physician before you mention the idea to her since the research on the subject is inconclusive.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C: The nurse's response is correct because there has been some research supporting the use of acupuncture in managing depression post-stroke. Acupuncture is a form of CAM therapy that has shown promising results in improving mental health outcomes for stroke patients. By suggesting acupuncture, the nurse is offering a potential evidence-based solution for the client's post-stroke depression. This response aligns with the client's interests in exploring CAM therapies and provides a feasible option for consideration.
Incorrect Answers:
A: This answer is incorrect because it states there has been no research on the effectiveness of CAM for depression after strokes, which is misleading as there is research supporting the use of acupuncture.
B: This answer is incorrect because it assumes that age-related factors like impaired renal function would automatically preclude the use of CAM therapies, which is not always the case.
D: This answer is incorrect because it suggests consulting the physician due to inconclusive research, which may hinder the exploration of potentially beneficial CAM therapies like acupuncture
Nursing advocacy directed towards eliminating the stigma attached to mental illness is based on the fact that:
- A. Stigmatization only serves to increase the stress felt by the mentally ill.
- B. No one is immune to mental illness or emotional problems.
- C. Mental illness is often chronic and incurable.
- D. The mentally ill deserve our support.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it highlights the universal susceptibility to mental illness, emphasizing the importance of advocacy to reduce stigma. Mental health issues can affect anyone regardless of age, gender, or background. By acknowledging this, nurses can advocate for increased understanding and support for those struggling with mental illness.
A: While stigmatization does increase stress, this does not directly explain the basis for nursing advocacy.
C: Mental illness being chronic does not explain the rationale behind advocating to eliminate stigma.
D: While the mentally ill deserve support, this choice does not address the underlying reason for advocacy focused on stigma reduction.