Nokea
Which of the following is not a dose related reaction:
- A. Myocardial Irritation of Quinidine
- B. Hypoglycemia of tolbutamide
- C. Digitalis induced arrythmia
- D. Drug fever of sulpha
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Drug fever from sulfa is an idiosyncratic/hypersensitivity reaction, not dose-related.
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45 year old female has a diabetes mellitus. Endocrinologist prescribes treatment, which has a side effect as hypoglycemia and weight gain. Which of the following drug is prescribed?
- A. Canagliflozin
- B. Exenatide
- C. Gliburide
- D. Pramlintide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gliburide, a sulfonylurea, commonly causes hypoglycemia and weight gain due to increased insulin release.
A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a Pregnancy Category B drug. What would the nurse inform the patient?
- A. Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no risk to the fetus.
- B. Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- C. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- D. There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates that animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant women may outweigh potential risks.
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of warfarin?
- A. It is extensively 99% bound to plasma albumin
- B. Its use in pregnant women is contraindicated because it is teratogenic
- C. It is active in vitro
- D. Its induced bleeding can be conteracted by treatment with phytonadione
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warfarin acts in vivo by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, not in vitro; thus, is false.
True contraindications to diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP or Tdap) vaccine include:
- A. Fever up to 104°F (40.5°C) after previous DTaP vaccine
- B. Family history of seizures after DTaP vaccine
- C. Adolescent pregnancy
- D. Anaphylactic reaction with a previous dose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a true contraindication to DTaP/Tdap; fever , family history , or pregnancy are not.
All of the following adverse effects commonly occur in glucocorticoid therapy except:
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Increased risk of infection
- C. Hypotension
- D. Emotional disturbances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids cause hypertension, not hypotension, due to mineralocorticoid effects and fluid retention.