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Blood Pressure Lub-dub! Lub-dub! Lub-dub! This sound is made by the rapid contracting and extending of the chamber doors on the inside of the heart. This ventricular contracting injects roughly 70 mL of blood into a vascular system with a given volume at differing pressure. Blood pressure refers to the pressure in the arterial system; and it is typically taken in the brachial artery of the arm because the pressure at different places along the circulatory route is different. Blood pressure is simply the force that the blood exerts in all directions within any given area and is the basis for the movement of blood from the heart, through the body, and back to the heart. This pressure is commonly expressed as a ratio of the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure or “high peak” pressure takes place within the arterial system as ventricles contract and force blood into the arteries. The diastolic pressure or “low peak” pressure takes place within this arterial system just before the next ventricular contraction. An increase in blood pressure can occur if the arterial walls lose some of their elasticity with age or disease.

Which of the following is not a fact stated in the passage?

  • A. Ventricular contracting injects roughly 70 mL of blood into a vascular system.
  • B. Blood pressure is typically measured in the brachial artery of the arm.
  • C. Blood pressure is commonly expressed as a ratio of the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure.
  • D. Loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The passage does not state that loss of arterial wall elasticity is always caused by disease. It mentions that an increase in blood pressure can occur if the arterial walls lose some elasticity with age or disease, implying that the loss of elasticity can also be age-related. The other statements are all directly supported by the passage: A discusses the volume of blood injected by ventricular contraction, B explains where blood pressure is typically measured, and C describes how blood pressure is commonly expressed as a ratio of systolic over diastolic pressure.

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All That Jazz: Jazz is an American musical art form which originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African-American communities in the Southern United States. It derived from a confluence of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has also incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music. The word jazz began as a West Coast slang term of uncertain derivation and was first used to refer to music in Chicago in about 1915.
Improvisation is one of the key elements of jazz and a fundamental part of the nature of the music. In jazz, the skilled performer will interpret a tune in very individual ways, never playing the same composition exactly the same way twice. Depending upon the performer's mood and personal experience, interactions with fellow musicians, or even members of the audience, a jazz musician/performer may alter melodies, harmonies, or time signatures at will.

What is the derivation of the word 'jazz'?

  • A. West Coast slang.
  • B. Coined by Chicago musicians.
  • C. European definition of improvisation.
  • D. From Ibo language brought to US by slaves.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: West Coast slang. The passage states that the word "jazz" began as a West Coast slang term, indicating that its origin can be traced back to the West Coast. This is supported by historical evidence that the term was first used in Chicago around 1915. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Coined by Chicago musicians - While jazz was first referred to as music in Chicago, the term itself originated as West Coast slang, not coined by Chicago musicians.
C: European definition of improvisation - The passage does not mention any direct link between the word "jazz" and a European definition of improvisation.
D: From Ibo language brought to US by slaves - There is no evidence or mention in the passage that the word "jazz" is derived from the Ibo language brought to the US by slaves.

Health Care's Numbers Game: The game of health care is a risky one. Today emergency rooms are acting as primary care physicians for thousands of patients. This trend produces a vicious cycle of hospitals raising emergency room costs and passing that increase along to paying patients, who in turn pass it along to insurance companies, who in turn raise rates so even more people cannot afford the premium or the co-payment.
For years, indigent people have used emergency rooms for very minor illnesses rather than seeing an outside doctor, but now emergency rooms are seeing people with insurance, but who cannot afford the co-payment or the deductible for the office visit.
If we don't change the way the healthcare game is played, we're all going to lose.

In sentence three, the word premium means

  • A. An amount to be paid for an insurance policy.
  • B. Something highly valued or esteemed.
  • C. An addition to ordinary wages; a bonus.
  • D. A gift provided with a purchase
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: An amount to be paid for an insurance policy. In the context of the passage, the word "premium" refers to the cost that individuals pay for their insurance coverage. This is evident from the sentence mentioning "raising rates so even more people cannot afford the premium or the co-payment." Choice B, "Something highly valued or esteemed," is incorrect as it does not align with the context of discussing healthcare costs. Choice C, "An addition to ordinary wages; a bonus," is incorrect as it does not relate to insurance costs. Choice D, "A gift provided with a purchase," is also incorrect as it does not fit the context of discussing healthcare expenses. The definition of "premium" as an amount paid for an insurance policy is the most appropriate interpretation in this scenario.

Food

Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and mental problems. Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the countryā€™s main health problems, since It places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void, people often turn to food when they are bored or lonely.
Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken drivers contribution to highway deaths, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse.

The author seems to

  • A. Favor moderation.
  • B. oppose regulation of personal habits.
  • C. favor a strict diet.
  • D. oppose drinking alcohol.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The passage discusses the problems associated with food and alcohol abuse, emphasizing the health risks related to overeating and alcohol consumption. However, it does not advocate for extreme measures such as strict diets or complete opposition to alcohol. Instead, the author's focus on the consequences of abuse suggests a preference for moderation in eating and drinking habits. Therefore, the correct answer is A, indicating that the author seems to favor moderation.

Factory
Care In planning and management Is needed if a factory is to run well. Work area should be large. clean, well lighted and airy. Work should move in 3 straight line from one machine to another. This allows materials in different stages of production to advance smoothly. As orders increase, some factories hire consultants to redesign their outdated operation flow and streamline workstations and equipment within the plant. Using 2 factory management system can double production as well as Improve the rate of on-time deliveries. Careful planning and execution can also contribute to harmonious relations between labor and management.

What is the author's purpose in writing this composition?

  • A. describing a modern factory.
  • B. persuading people to modernize factory design.
  • C. persuading management to shorten the workweek.
  • D. explaining how factories are built.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The passage emphasizes the importance of planning, management, and modernization for efficient factory operation. It discusses redesigning workflows, utilizing modern management systems, and enhancing labor-management relations. These points collectively indicate that the author's main purpose is to persuade readers to consider modernizing factory design rather than merely describing factories, advocating for shorter workweeks, or explaining the construction of factories.

ELECTORAL COLLEGE
The Electoral College has nothing to do with college and contains no students. The Electoral College consists of votes that each state acquires based on the number of representatives it has in Congress. Each state has two electoral votes because each state has two senators. The remaining electoral votes are determined by the number of Congressmen, the number of which is based on the population of the state established by the Census taken each decade. During the presidential election, most states cast all their electoral votes for the candidate who wins the popular vote in that state. It's all very confusing, but the founding fathers know what they were doing. Downloaded by Abdul Hamid (a.ahamid2181@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|10672023 HESI A2 V2 Grammar, Vocab, Reading, & Math Questions with Answers). By having and using the Electoral College candidates' campaign in every state, but just because they win the popular vote across the country doesn't mean they will always win the election. Case in point, in election 2000, Al Gore won the popular vote across the country, but George W. Bush won more electoral votes. Therefore, he became our 43rd president.

What does the term 'cast' mean in relation to the Electoral College?

  • A. To throw away
  • B. To give oneā€™s vote
  • C. To create a mold
  • D. To choose a role
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of the Electoral College, the term 'cast' means 'to give oneā€™s vote.' When states cast their electoral votes, they are essentially giving their votes to a specific candidate based on the outcome of the popular vote within that state. This process is crucial in determining the final outcome of the presidential election, as the candidate who receives a majority of the electoral votes becomes the president. It is important to understand the terminology associated with the Electoral College to grasp the intricacies of the U.S. electoral system.

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