Endocrinology Exam Questions

Endocrinology Exam Questions Related

Review Endocrinology Exam Questions related questions and content

Which of the following is not a feature of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes?

  • A. Retrograde ejaculation
  • B. Gustatory sweating
  • C. Mononeuritis multiplex
  • D. Hypoglycemic unresponsiveness
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Autonomic neuropathy in diabetes can manifest with various symptoms, such as retrograde ejaculation (A), gustatory sweating (B), and hypoglycemic unresponsiveness (D). Mononeuritis multiplex (C) is not typically associated with autonomic neuropathy in diabetes. Mononeuritis multiplex is a condition characterized by damage to at least two separate nerve areas resulting in weakness, pain, and sensory loss. Autonomic neuropathy in diabetes tends to affect the autonomic nerves that control involuntary bodily functions, leading to symptoms such as gastrointestinal issues, cardiovascular abnormalities, and sexual dysfunction, but mononeuritis multiplex is not a common feature of this condition.

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Myxoedema coma is characterized by:

  • A. Hypertension
  • B. Tachycardia
  • C. Euthermia
  • D. Hypoventilation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Myxoedema coma is a severe form of hypothyroidism that can lead to the slowing down of various body functions, including reduced heart rate (bradycardia). As the condition progresses and the body's metabolism becomes more depressed, one of the compensatory mechanisms is an increase in heart rate (tachycardia) to try to maintain adequate tissue perfusion. Therefore, tachycardia is a characteristic feature of myxoedema coma, rather than hypertension or euthermia which are not typically associated with this condition. Hypoventilation is also a common feature of myxoedema coma due to the decreased metabolic rate and respiratory drive.

Tall stature is not characteristic of:

  • A. Klinefelter's syndrome
  • B. Homocystinuria
  • C. Marfan's syndrome
  • D. Turner's syndrome
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Turner's syndrome is a genetic condition that affects females and is characterized by short stature and other physical abnormalities due to the absence of part or all of one of the X chromosomes. Therefore, tall stature is not characteristic of Turner's syndrome.

Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) excretion is increased in urine in:

  • A. Conn's syndrome
  • B. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  • C. Testicular feminization syndrome
  • D. Phaeochromocytoma
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is a metabolite of catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. Phaeochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting tumor that arises from the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla or sympathetic ganglia. As a result of the increased production of catecholamines in patients with phaeochromocytoma, there is an increase in VMA excretion in the urine. This increase in VMA excretion is a significant diagnostic feature of phaeochromocytoma and helps in its detection through urine testing. Therefore, the correct choice is D. Phaeochromocytoma.

Which age group does acromegaly most commonly affect?

  • A. 30-50 years
  • B. 10-25 years
  • C. 55-70 years
  • D. 25-40 years
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acromegaly most commonly affects individuals in the age group of 30-50 years. This condition is typically diagnosed in adults between these ages. Acromegaly is often caused by the overproduction of growth hormone in adults, which leads to excessive bone growth and tissue expansion. While acromegaly can develop at any age, it is more commonly seen in adults within the 30-50 age range.

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?

  • A. Ectopic ACTH production
  • B. Adrenal adenoma
  • C. Glucocorticoid treatment (iatrogenic)
  • D. Pituitary adenoma
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome is a pituitary adenoma, specifically a corticotroph adenoma. This adenoma leads to excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, which in turn stimulates the adrenal glands to produce high levels of cortisol. This results in the symptoms and signs characteristic of Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary adenomas are responsible for around 70-80% of cases of Cushing's syndrome, making it the most common cause.

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