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Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?
- A. Controlling reproduction
- B. Regulating mood
- C. NONE OF THE ABOVE (All of the above are functions of hormones)
- D. Influencing growth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Answer C is correct because all of the other choices are indeed functions of hormones.
A) Hormones play a crucial role in controlling reproduction by regulating the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and sperm production.
B) Hormones such as serotonin and dopamine have a direct impact on mood regulation and emotional well-being.
D) Hormones like growth hormone and thyroid hormones are essential in influencing growth and development.
Therefore, since all the other choices are valid functions of hormones, the correct answer is C, NONE OF THE ABOVE.
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This is Not a Function of Insulin
- A. Decreasing glycogenolysis
- B. Lipogenesis
- C. Gluconeogenesis
- D. Glycogenesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gluconeogenesis is not a function of insulin. Insulin's main role is to lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake and storage. Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol, to increase blood glucose levels. Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis by suppressing the enzymes involved in this process. Choices A, B, and D are all functions of insulin: A) Decreasing glycogenolysis - insulin promotes glycogen synthesis by inhibiting glycogen breakdown, B) Lipogenesis - insulin enhances the conversion of excess glucose into fatty acids for storage, and D) Glycogenesis - insulin increases the formation of glycogen from glucose for storage.
The anterior pituitary gland:
- A. is called the neurohypophysis.
- B. releases ADH and oxytocin.
- C. secretes releasing hormones.
- D. is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The anterior pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries.
2. This connection allows for the transport of releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
3. Releasing hormones stimulate the anterior pituitary to release specific hormones.
4. This communication pathway is essential for regulating hormone production and maintaining homeostasis.
Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect. The neurohypophysis refers to the posterior pituitary, not the anterior pituitary.
B: Incorrect. ADH and oxytocin are released from the posterior pituitary, not the anterior pituitary.
C: Incorrect. Releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, not the anterior pituitary.
Glucagon:
- A. is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose.
- B. regulates sodium and water balance.
- C. is a steroid.
- D. is a glucocorticoid.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Glucagon is a hormone secreted by the pancreas.
2. It is released in response to low blood glucose levels to increase blood sugar.
3. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream.
4. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the function of glucagon.
Summary:
Choice B is incorrect because glucagon does not regulate sodium and water balance. Choice C is incorrect as glucagon is not a steroid hormone. Choice D is incorrect as glucagon is not a glucocorticoid hormone.
A nurse is taking care of a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome. Which of the following is a priority area for the nurse in evaluating a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome?
- A. Skin color
- B. Hydration status
- C. Temperature
- D. Response to diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The priority concern for clients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome is their hydration status, as dehydration is a key factor in this condition.
The nurse assesses a client who is scheduled to have a laboratory test to determine if the client’s adrenal glands are hypoactive. What type of testing would the client likely have?
- A. Catecholamine testing
- B. Suppression testing
- C. Bone marrow testing
- D. Provocative testing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provocative testing. This type of testing is used to stimulate the adrenal glands to produce hormones, helping to assess their function. Catecholamine testing is specific for hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. Suppression testing is used to assess overactivity of glands. Bone marrow testing is unrelated to adrenal gland function. In summary, provocative testing is the most appropriate choice to evaluate adrenal gland activity.