Nokea
Which of the following is NOT a function of innate immunity?
- A. Killing virally infected cells
- B. Phagocytosis
- C. Activating adaptive immunity
- D. Producing antigen-specific antibodies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Innate immunity does not involve producing antigen-specific antibodies. This is because innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens and does not have the ability to produce antibodies that target specific antigens. Instead, innate immunity works through mechanisms like phagocytosis and killing infected cells to eliminate pathogens. Choices A, B, and C are functions of innate immunity. A - Killing virally infected cells is a common function of innate immunity. B - Phagocytosis is the process by which immune cells engulf and destroy pathogens, a key function of innate immunity. C - Activating adaptive immunity is also a role of innate immunity, as it helps initiate the adaptive immune response for a more targeted defense.
You may also like to solve these questions
While caring for an HIV-positive patient who is hospitalized with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia,you note that all of these drug therapies are scheduled for 10:00 AM. Which nursing action is most essential to accomplish at the scheduled time?
- A. Administer the protease inhibitor indinavir (Crixivan) 800 mg PO.
- B. Infuse pentamidine (Pentam-300) 300 mg IV over 60 minutes.
- C. Have the patient “swish and swallow” nystatin (Mycostatin) 5 mL.
- D. Apply acyclovir (Zovirax) cream to oral herpes simplex lesions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pentamidine is a critical medication for treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and must be administered on time to ensure therapeutic levels. The other medications while important can be administered slightly later if necessary without significantly impacting the patient’s condition.
According to the hygiene hypothesis, which of the following factors protect us from developing immune diseases?
- A. Small family size
- B. Good sanitation
- C. Low antibiotic use
- D. Living in "westernized" countries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Low antibiotic use. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that reduced exposure to infections, which can happen with low antibiotic use, can lead to an increased risk of immune diseases. Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in immune system development. A: Small family size may not necessarily protect against immune diseases as it does not directly relate to exposure to infections. B: Good sanitation can reduce the spread of infections but may not necessarily protect against immune diseases. D: Living in "westernized" countries is a broad factor and does not directly address the impact of low antibiotic use on immune diseases.
What type of dressing will the nurse most likely use for the patient in Question 14?
- A. Dry, sterile dressing
- B. Absorptive dressing
- C. Negative pressure wound therapy
- D. Telfa dressing with antibiotic ointment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Absorptive dressings are ideal for wounds with moderate exudate, helping maintain a moist environment conducive to healing while preventing maceration.
Cells involved in allergic reactions include
- A. Mast cells
- B. Eosinophils
- C. Basophils
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils are all involved in allergic reactions. Mast cells release histamine, leading to inflammation. Eosinophils are involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections. Basophils release histamine and other inflammatory mediators. Therefore, all three cell types play a crucial role in allergic reactions. Choices A, B, and C alone are incorrect because each cell type individually participates in allergic reactions.
The nurse is studying hypersensitivity reactions. Which reactions are correctly matched with their hypersensitivity types? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Type I—examples include hay fever and anaphylaxis.
- B. Type II—mediated by action of immunoglobulin M (IgM).
- C. Type III—immune complex deposits in blood vessel walls.
- D. Type IV—examples are poison ivy and transplant rejection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because Type II hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by the action of immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM), not just IgM alone. IgG or IgM antibodies target specific antigens on the surface of cells or tissues, leading to cell destruction. In contrast, Type I hypersensitivity reactions (choice A) involve immediate IgE-mediated responses to allergens like hay fever and anaphylaxis. Type III reactions (choice C) are characterized by immune complex deposition in tissues, not blood vessel walls. Type IV reactions (choice D) are delayed hypersensitivity reactions involving T cell-mediated responses, such as poison ivy contact dermatitis and transplant rejection.