Nokea
Which of the following is NOT an essential minimal component of the teaching that occurs prior to getting an informed consent?
- A. The purpose of the proposed treatment or procedure
- B. The expected outcomes of the proposed treatment or procedure
- C. Who will perform the treatment or procedure
- D. When the procedure or treatment will be done
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Timing is not always a required component of informed consent.
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Maria is an Italian American who is in the hospital after having suffered a miscarriage at 5 months' gestation. Her room is filled with relatives who have brought a variety of foods and gifts for Maria. They are all talking, seemingly at the same time, and some, including Maria, are crying. They repeatedly touch and hug Maria and each other. How should the nurse handle this situation?
- A. Explain to the family that Maria needs her rest and they must all leave.
- B. Allow the family to remain and continue their activity as described, as long as they do not disturb other clients.
- C. Explain that Maria will not get over her loss if they keep bringing it up and causing her to cry so much.
- D. Call the family priest to come and take charge of this family situation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The family's behavior reflects a cultural norm of Italian Americans to express grief and support through physical closeness and communal interaction, which is not disruptive. Allowing this to continue respects cultural practices and supports Maria's emotional needs, aligning with option b.
Language is an unavoidable barrier for many patients in the U.S. What role do ad hoc interpreters play in bridging the language gap?
- A. Ad hoc interpreters may be helpful, but they lack the clinical foundation and experience of trained medical interpreters
- B. Ad hoc interpreters make invaluable contributions to patient care
- C. Ad hoc interpreters are economical and convenient for physicians and patients
- D. Ad hoc interpreters offer little help in communicating with patients
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ad hoc interpreters can assist but lack the precision and training of medical interpreters.
People with high self-esteem are likely to engage in all of the following behaviors except
- A. Express a general positive attitude of life
- B. Volunteer work on difficult tasks
- C. Likely to get involved with social activities at work place
- D. Frequently express doubt about their abilities to perform on difficult tasks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High self-esteem correlates with confidence, not doubt.
Which of the following is a feature of pre-psychotic prodrome?
- A. Seizures.
- B. Migrainous headaches.
- C. Mood changes.
- D. Hallucinations.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pre-psychotic prodrome often includes subtle mood changes, social withdrawal, and reduced functioning, but not typically seizures or hallucinations, which occur later.
In an experimental design, the dependent variable is:
- A. The one that is not manipulated and in which any changes are observed
- B. The one that is manipulated in order to observe any effects on the other
- C. A measure of the extent to which personal values affect research
- D. An ambiguous concept whose meaning depends on how it is defined
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The dependent variable is the outcome measured, not manipulated, in experiments.