Nokea
Which of the following is NOT an example of public health services?
- A. Control of communicable diseases
- B. Environmental sanitation
- C. Hospital management
- D. Health education
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hospital management. Public health services focus on preventing diseases and promoting community well-being, which do not directly involve managing individual healthcare institutions like hospitals. Control of communicable diseases, environmental sanitation, and health education are examples of public health services as they involve disease prevention, creating healthy environments, and educating the public on health-related issues. Hospital management, on the other hand, pertains to the administration and operation of healthcare facilities, which is not a core function of public health services.
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A patient in Mindanao was diagnosed with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. The therapeutic regimen for the patient includes the following EXCEPT:
- A. Rapid replacement of plasma loss
- B. Aspirin for high fever
- C. Rapid fluid and electrolyte replacement
- D. Oxygen therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Aspirin is contraindicated in Dengue Fever due to the risk of bleeding.
2. Rapid plasma loss replacement is crucial to prevent shock in DHF.
3. Rapid fluid and electrolyte replacement is vital to maintain hydration.
4. Oxygen therapy can help support respiratory function in severe cases.
5. Therefore, aspirin for high fever is incorrect due to the bleeding risk.
James is an 18-month-old child who has had a cough for 7 days with no general danger signs. He has a temperature of 37.5°C and a respiratory rate of 41 breaths/minute. How will you classify James' breathing?
- A. Slow breathing
- B. Fast breathing
- C. Normal breathing
- D. Very fast breathing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct classification for James' breathing is "C: Normal breathing." The respiratory rate for a child of his age should be between 20-30 breaths/minute. Since James has a respiratory rate of 41 breaths/minute, it may seem elevated. However, it is important to consider that children under 2 years often have higher respiratory rates compared to older children and adults. In the absence of other danger signs such as chest in-drawing, grunting, or stridor, a respiratory rate of 41 breaths/minute in an 18-month-old child with a cough does not necessarily indicate very fast breathing. Therefore, James' breathing is classified as normal based on his age group and the absence of other concerning signs.
Summary:
A: Slow breathing - Incorrect, as James' respiratory rate is elevated, not slow.
B: Fast breathing - Incorrect, as James' respiratory rate does not meet the criteria for very fast breathing.
D: Very fast breathing - Incorrect
What refers to the systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages, divorce, separation, and deaths?
- A. Vital statistics
- B. Statistics
- C. Morbidity
- D. Mortality
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vital statistics. Vital statistics refer to the systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages, divorce, separation, and deaths. This field focuses on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data related to these events in a population.
Choice B (Statistics) is too broad and does not specifically focus on vital events. Choice C (Morbidity) refers to the incidence of illness in a population, not the study of all vital events. Choice D (Mortality) specifically refers to deaths and does not encompass all vital events studied in vital statistics. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it directly relates to the systematic study of the listed vital events.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a healthy work environment?
- A. High turnover rate and lack of communication
- B. Lack of teamwork and frequent conflicts
- C. Open communication and collaboration
- D. Micromanagement and strict hierarchy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Open communication and collaboration. In a healthy work environment, open communication fosters transparency, trust, and mutual understanding among team members. Collaboration encourages teamwork, creativity, and problem-solving. This leads to higher productivity, job satisfaction, and overall well-being.
Incorrect choices:
A: High turnover rate and lack of communication - High turnover and lack of communication indicate poor morale and ineffective leadership, which are detrimental to a healthy work environment.
B: Lack of teamwork and frequent conflicts - Lack of teamwork and conflicts hinder productivity and create a toxic atmosphere, contrary to a healthy work environment.
D: Micromanagement and strict hierarchy - Micromanagement and strict hierarchy stifle employee autonomy, creativity, and growth, leading to low morale and disengagement.
Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease?
- A. Diabetes
- B. Hypertension
- C. HIV/AIDS
- D. Cholera
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cholera. Cholera is a communicable disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, transmitted through contaminated food or water. It spreads easily from person to person. Diabetes (A) and Hypertension (B) are non-communicable diseases related to lifestyle and genetics. HIV/AIDS (C) is a communicable disease, but Cholera is a more direct example as it is primarily spread through contaminated water sources.