Nokea
Which of the following is not directly related to the drug toxicity of Ibuprofen?
- A. Nausea
- B. Renal dysfunction
- C. Anemia
- D. Muscle wasting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muscle wasting. Ibuprofen is primarily associated with gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, renal dysfunction, and anemia due to its effects on the stomach, kidneys, and blood. Muscle wasting is not a known direct effect of Ibuprofen toxicity. Ibuprofen is not typically linked to muscle-related issues, making choice D the correct answer.
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Which of the following conditions are not treated with opioid analgesics like dextromethorphan and methadone?
- A. Pulmonary Edema
- B. Cough suppression
- C. Sedation
- D. Pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sedation. Opioid analgesics like dextromethorphan and methadone are primarily used for pain management, not sedation. They work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain to reduce pain perception. Pulmonary edema can be managed with diuretics, cough suppression with antitussives, and sedation with sedatives/hypnotics. Therefore, sedation is not a condition typically treated with opioid analgesics.
Which of the following drugs is associated with hepatitis as a reaction?
- A. Valproic acid
- B. Quinidine
- C. Isoniazid
- D. Ethosuximide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C (Isoniazid)
Rationale:
1. Isoniazid is known to cause drug-induced hepatitis due to its hepatotoxic effects.
2. It can lead to liver inflammation, causing hepatitis as a reaction.
3. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is essential when using isoniazid.
Summary of other choices:
A. Valproic acid: Can cause hepatotoxicity but not specifically linked to hepatitis.
B. Quinidine: Mainly known for cardiac side effects, not commonly associated with hepatitis.
D. Ethosuximide: Primarily used for treating absence seizures, not typically associated with hepatitis.
A drug ending in the suffix (navir) is considered a ______.
- A. Antidepressant
- B. Protease inhibitor
- C. Beta antagonist
- D. H antagonist
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protease inhibitor. Drugs ending in the suffix (navir) are commonly used to inhibit protease enzymes in viruses, particularly in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Protease inhibitors disrupt viral replication by preventing the cleavage of viral proteins, thus inhibiting the production of new infectious viral particles.
Choice A, Antidepressant, is incorrect as drugs used to treat depression usually end in (ine) or (pram).
Choice C, Beta antagonist, is incorrect as drugs affecting beta receptors typically end in (olol) or (lol).
Choice D, H antagonist, is incorrect as drugs targeting histamine receptors usually end in (ine) or (idine).
Which of the following conditions is not treated with Ephedrine?
- A. COPD
- B. Hypotension
- C. Congestion
- D. Incontinence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: COPD. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and increased heart rate. It is used to treat hypotension and congestion by increasing blood pressure and dilating airways, respectively. Incontinence is not typically treated with Ephedrine. However, COPD involves bronchoconstriction, which can worsen with Ephedrine due to its vasoconstrictive effects. Therefore, Ephedrine is not used to treat COPD.
Which of the following is not an effect of the drug isoflurane?
- A. Elevated lipid levels
- B. Nausea
- C. Increased blood flow to the brain
- D. Decreased respiratory function
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Elevated lipid levels. Isoflurane does not cause elevated lipid levels. Isoflurane is a general anesthetic that primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to effects like decreased respiratory function and increased blood flow to the brain. Nausea can also be a side effect of isoflurane due to its impact on the gastrointestinal system. However, there is no direct link between isoflurane and elevated lipid levels. Thus, choice A is the correct answer.