Nokea
Which of the following is the antidote for Heparin toxicity?
- A. Protamine
- B. Methylene blue
- C. N-acetylcysteine
- D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Protamine is the antidote for Heparin toxicity because it binds to Heparin and forms a stable complex, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Protamine sulfate is positively charged, while Heparin is negatively charged, allowing them to bind effectively. Methylene blue is used to treat methemoglobinemia, not Heparin toxicity. N-acetylcysteine is used for acetaminophen overdose, and Glucagon is used for beta-blocker overdose.
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Which of the following drugs is associated with the reaction of tendon dysfunction?
- A. Digitalis
- B. Niacin
- C. Tetracycline
- D. Fluoroquinolones
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolones are known to be associated with tendon dysfunction due to their potential to cause tendinitis and tendon rupture. This adverse effect is thought to be related to the drug's ability to disrupt collagen synthesis and structure in tendons. Digitalis (A) is used to treat heart conditions, niacin (B) for cholesterol, and tetracycline (C) for bacterial infections, none of which are linked to tendon dysfunction.
Which of the following conditions is not treated with Lansoprazole?
- A. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- B. Gastritis
- C. Hypertension
- D. Reflux
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid production. Hypertension is a condition related to high blood pressure and is not treated with Lansoprazole. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastritis, and reflux are all conditions that can be treated with Lansoprazole due to its ability to reduce stomach acid. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not directly related to drug toxicity of Nitroglycerin?
- A. Headaches
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Dizziness
- D. Projectile vomiting
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Projectile vomiting. Nitroglycerin is not directly associated with causing projectile vomiting. Nitroglycerin commonly causes headaches due to vasodilation, tachycardia due to decreased preload, and dizziness due to hypotension. Projectile vomiting is not a typical side effect of Nitroglycerin toxicity.
Which of the following is not related to drug toxicity of Atenolol?
- A. CHF
- B. Tachycardia
- C. AV block
- D. Sedative appearance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tachycardia. Atenolol is a beta-blocker that works by slowing down the heart rate, so tachycardia is not related to its toxicity. A: CHF can be exacerbated by Atenolol due to its negative inotropic effects. C: AV block can occur as Atenolol can further slow down the heart's conduction system. D: Sedative appearance can be a side effect of Atenolol due to its action on the central nervous system. In summary, tachycardia is not related to Atenolol toxicity because it decreases heart rate.
Which of the following is the antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity?
- A. Flumazenil
- B. Methylene blue
- C. Deferoxamine
- D. Alkalinize urine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flumazenil. Flumazenil is a specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can reverse the effects of benzodiazepine toxicity by competitively inhibiting the binding of benzodiazepines to their receptors. It works by reversing the sedative and respiratory depressant effects of benzodiazepines. Methylene blue (B) is used to treat methemoglobinemia, not benzodiazepine toxicity. Deferoxamine (C) is used for iron toxicity. Alkalinizing urine (D) is used to enhance the excretion of weak acids in the urine, not for benzodiazepine toxicity.