Nokea
Which of the following drugs is associated with hepatitis as a reaction?
- A. Valproic acid
- B. Quinidine
- C. Isoniazid
- D. Ethosuximide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C (Isoniazid)
Rationale:
1. Isoniazid is known to cause drug-induced hepatitis due to its hepatotoxic effects.
2. It can lead to liver inflammation, causing hepatitis as a reaction.
3. Regular monitoring of liver function tests is essential when using isoniazid.
Summary of other choices:
A. Valproic acid: Can cause hepatotoxicity but not specifically linked to hepatitis.
B. Quinidine: Mainly known for cardiac side effects, not commonly associated with hepatitis.
D. Ethosuximide: Primarily used for treating absence seizures, not typically associated with hepatitis.
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Which of the following is the primary site of activity for the drug Warfarin?
- A. Kidney
- B. Liver
- C. Blood
- D. Heart
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver. Warfarin is primarily metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The liver is responsible for breaking down and activating many drugs, including Warfarin. It is where the drug's metabolism and effects are most significant. The other choices are incorrect because Warfarin's main site of activity is in the liver, not the kidney, blood, or heart. The kidney mainly excretes the drug, while the blood carries it throughout the body, and the heart is not directly involved in Warfarin's metabolism.
Which of the following drugs is associated with the reaction of Cinchonism?
- A. Valproic acid
- B. Quinidine
- C. Isoniazid
- D. Ethosuximide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quinidine. Cinchonism is a condition caused by the toxicity of Cinchona alkaloids, which are found in drugs like quinine and quinidine. Quinidine is specifically known to cause symptoms of cinchonism such as tinnitus, headache, blurred vision, and nausea. Valproic acid (choice A) is an anticonvulsant, not associated with cinchonism. Isoniazid (choice C) is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and does not cause cinchonism. Ethosuximide (choice D) is an anticonvulsant used to treat absence seizures and is not linked to cinchonism.
Which of the following is not a known effect of the drug Clozapine?
- A. Agranulocytosis
- B. Antipsychotic
- C. Used for Schizophrenia
- D. Hyperactivity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hyperactivity. Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug used for schizophrenia treatment. Agranulocytosis is a known severe side effect of Clozapine. Hyperactivity is not a known effect of Clozapine, as it actually has a sedative effect due to its mechanism of action in the brain. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as agranulocytosis is a known side effect, Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug, and it is commonly used for schizophrenia treatment.
Which of the following is not related to drug toxicity of Atenolol?
- A. CHF
- B. Tachycardia
- C. AV block
- D. Sedative appearance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tachycardia. Atenolol is a beta-blocker that works by slowing down the heart rate, so tachycardia is not related to its toxicity. A: CHF can be exacerbated by Atenolol due to its negative inotropic effects. C: AV block can occur as Atenolol can further slow down the heart's conduction system. D: Sedative appearance can be a side effect of Atenolol due to its action on the central nervous system. In summary, tachycardia is not related to Atenolol toxicity because it decreases heart rate.
Which of the following is not a common effect of Midazolam?
- A. Amnesia
- B. Decreased respiratory function
- C. Anesthetic
- D. Dizziness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine commonly used as a sedative and anxiolytic.
2. Common effects of Midazolam include amnesia, decreased respiratory function, and anesthetic properties.
3. Dizziness is not a common effect of Midazolam but can be a side effect in some individuals.
4. Therefore, choice D (Dizziness) is not a common effect of Midazolam, making it the correct answer.
Summary:
- A: Amnesia - Common effect of Midazolam
- B: Decreased respiratory function - Common effect of Midazolam
- C: Anesthetic - Common effect of Midazolam
- D: Dizziness - Not a common effect of Midazolam, making it the correct answer.