Which of the following is the proposed algorithm for the evaluation of causes of r′ in V1 and V2?
- A. Wernicke algorithm
- B. Vereckei algorithm
- C. Brugada algorithm
- D. Baranchuk algorithm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Vereckei algorithm is commonly used for the evaluation of r′ in V1 and V2, helping to differentiate between causes of early repolarization.
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The patient most probably has
- A. severe aortic stenosis
- B. patent ductus arteriosus
- C. Williams syndrome
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical features suggest severe aortic stenosis with left ventricular hypertrophy.
A child has an elevated antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer. Which combination of symptoms, in conjunction with this finding, would confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic fever?
- A. Subcutaneous nodules and fever
- B. Painful, tender joints, and carditis
- C. Erythema marginatum and arthralgia
- D. Chorea and elevated sedimentation rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presence of two major Jones criteria would indicate a high probability of rheumatic fever.
The differential in a 5-year old with a 2-week history of painful joints is all the following except:
- A. Viral polyarthritis
- B. Rheumatoid arthritis
- C. Lyme disease
- D. Rheumatic fever
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: rheumatoid arthritis is rare in a 5-year-old with a 2-week history of joint pain. The other options (a-d) are more likely differentials.
The clinic nurse reviews the record of a child just seen by the health care provider and diagnosed with suspected aortic stenosis. The nurse expects to note documentation of which clinical manifestation specifically found in this disorder?
- A. Pallor
- B. Hyperactivity
- C. Exercise intolerance
- D. Gastrointestinal disturbances
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exercise intolerance is a common clinical manifestation of aortic stenosis due to the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood during increased physical activity.
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is associated with:
- A. Sickle cell trait
- B. Nephrotic syndrome
- C. Cushing's syndrome
- D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is associated with avascular necrosis due to steroid use. Sickle cell trait, nephrotic syndrome, and hypothyroidism are not directly linked.