Nokea
Which of the following is thyroid hormone:
- A. Triiodthironine
- B. Monoiodthirozine
- C. Diiodthirozine
- D. Octaiodthironine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Triiodothyronine (T3) is a key thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism, unlike the others which are not primary hormones.
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According to traditional Chinese medicine, if a person who has a fever is given a herb that is yang in nature, such as golden seal, the patient's illness will:
- A. Get worse
- B. Get better
- C. Not be adequately treated
- D. Need additional herbs to treat the yang
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A yang (warming) herb like golden seal would worsen a fever, a yang condition.
A 20-year-old boy suffered from a moderate aspirin toxicity he may be managed by promoting its renal excretion when infused with:
- A. Ascorbid acid
- B. Ammonium chloride
- C. Arginine chloride
- D. Sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate alkalinizes urine, enhancing aspirin (a weak acid) excretion.
The direct costs of drug therapy include:
- A. The actual cost of acquiring the medication
- B. The loss of income due to illness
- C. Pain and suffering due to inadequate drug therapy
- D. The cost of a funeral associated with premature death
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Direct costs are the tangible expenses of acquiring the drug itself.
Which of the following legislative acts allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to tighten control over the quality of drugs and required that safety and efficacy standards be established?
- A. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
- B. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
- C. Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951
- D. Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Kefauver-Harris Act was the result of the use of the 1960s drug thalidomide (Thalomid). The public concern led to the legislation that gave the FDA regulatory control over testing and evaluating of drugs and allowed it to set standards for efficacy and safety. The Pure Food and Drug Act required labeling to eliminate false claims. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gave the FDA the power to enforce standards for testing drug toxicity and monitoring labeling. The Durham-Humphrey Amendment enforced prescriptions for distribution.
Select a drug used in the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism that may cause hyperkalemia:
- A. Acetazolamide
- B. Mannitol
- C. Torsemide
- D. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, causes potassium retention.