Nokea
Which of the following IS TRUE about osteoporosis
- A. it is a silent disease
- B. It is more common in men
- C. it is not that alarming
- D. It is only discovered after a fracture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteoporosis is known as a "silent disease" because it develops slowly over time without any symptoms. Many people with osteoporosis are unaware of their condition until they experience a fracture. The loss of bone density and strength in osteoporosis occurs without any obvious warning signs, making it important for individuals at risk to undergo bone density testing to identify the condition early and prevent further bone loss.
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A patient with suspected acute exacerbation of asthma presents with severe dyspnea, accessory muscle use, and inability to speak in full sentences. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for assessing the severity of the patient's asthma exacerbation and guiding management decisions?
- A. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurement
- B. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis
- C. Chest X-ray
- D. Clinical assessment using standardized severity scores
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the scenario described, the patient is presenting with severe symptoms of acute exacerbation of asthma, including severe dyspnea, accessory muscle use, and inability to speak in full sentences. In such cases, the most appropriate intervention for assessing the severity of the asthma exacerbation and guiding management decisions is a clinical assessment using standardized severity scores.
What is the FIRST step in the qualitative research process?
- A. Data analysis
- B. Review of literature
- C. Sample
- D. Study design
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first step in the qualitative research process is typically conducting a review of existing literature on the topic of interest. This involves exploring existing research studies, theories, and findings related to the area being studied. By reviewing the literature, researchers can gain a better understanding of the current knowledge and identify gaps in the existing research that their study can address. This step helps researchers define the research question, refine the study design, and establish a strong theoretical framework for the study.
A patient is prescribed an anticoagulant for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Which laboratory parameter should the nurse monitor closely during anticoagulant therapy?
- A. Platelet count
- B. International normalized ratio (INR)
- C. Serum sodium levels
- D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should monitor the International Normalized Ratio (INR) closely during anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of VTE. The INR measures the clotting ability of the blood and is used to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy, such as warfarin. Maintaining the INR within the target therapeutic range is crucial to prevent both excessive bleeding due to over-anticoagulation and clotting events due to under-anticoagulation. Close monitoring of the INR helps healthcare providers adjust the anticoagulant dosage as needed to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and minimize risks. Platelet count, serum sodium levels, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are important laboratory parameters to monitor for other medical conditions but are not specific to anticoagulant therapy.
A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed ipratropium bromide inhaler. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient regarding ipratropium inhaler use?
- A. Shake the inhaler before each use.
- B. Inhale deeply and rapidly through the mouthpiece.
- C. Hold breath for 10 seconds after inhalation.
- D. Rinse mouth after each use.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the patient to hold their breath for at least 10 seconds after inhaling the medication from the ipratropium bromide inhaler. This allows the medication to reach deep into the lungs and be more effective. Holding the breath also helps reduce the risk of side effects such as throat irritation. It is essential for optimal drug delivery and therapeutic effect.
On the first postpartum day, a primiparous patient complains of perineal pain that was unrelieved by Ibuprofen 400 mg given two hours ago. Nurse Kayla should assess for which of the following?
- A. Vaginal laceration
- B. History of Drug Abuse
- C. Perineal hematoma
- D. Puerperal infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a primiparous patient who complains of unrelieved perineal pain on the first postpartum day, Nurse Kayla should assess for a perineal hematoma. A perineal hematoma is a collection of blood in the perineal tissues and can cause significant pain and discomfort. It can be a result of trauma during delivery or due to a blood vessel rupture. This condition requires prompt assessment and intervention to prevent complications such as infection or excessive bleeding. Vaginal laceration would typically be identified during the delivery process and would have been repaired by the healthcare provider. History of drug abuse, while important to know for overall patient care, is not as relevant in this immediate postpartum pain assessment. Puerperal infection usually presents with other signs such as fever, foul-smelling discharge, and uterine tenderness, which are not mentioned in this scenario.