Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers

Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers Related

Review Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers related questions and content

Which of the following is true about the endocrine system compared to the nervous system?

  • A. A single hormone can target many different responses, whereas a nerve only targets a single response.
  • B. Blood can carry all the same hormones throughout the body simultaneously, producing responses all over the body; nerve cells can only target a small number of cells.
  • C. Nerve cells and blood work together. The endocrine has nothing to do with the nervous system.
  • D. Endocrine hormones only target a very small number of precise responses.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream, allowing them to reach all parts of the body simultaneously and produce widespread responses. In contrast, the nervous system sends signals through nerve cells, which can only target a small number of specific cells. This difference in distribution and reach of signals is a key distinction between the endocrine and nervous systems.

Choice A is incorrect because a single hormone can indeed target multiple responses in different parts of the body, similar to how a nerve signal can affect multiple cells along its path.

Choice C is incorrect as nerve cells and the endocrine system can interact and influence each other's functions, such as in the case of stress response involving both systems.

Choice D is incorrect because endocrine hormones can have broad effects on various organs and tissues, not limited to a small number of precise responses.

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Which group is incorrect?

  • A. Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, growth hormone
  • B. Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland: ADH, oxytocin
  • C. Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine
  • D. Secretions of the gonads: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because epinephrine is not a steroid hormone. Steroids are synthesized from cholesterol and have a specific chemical structure, while epinephrine is a catecholamine. Cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones, but epinephrine belongs to the class of catecholamines. Therefore, C is incorrect. A, B, and D are correct as they accurately list hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland, posterior pituitary gland, and gonads respectively.

Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone (GH) after body growth is completed results in .

  • A. kidney failure
  • B. tetany
  • C. gigantism
  • D. acromegaly
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: acromegaly. After body growth is completed, excess GH production can lead to acromegaly, a condition characterized by the enlargement of bones and tissues. This occurs because GH continues to stimulate bone and tissue growth. Kidney failure (A) is not directly related to excess GH production. Tetany (B) is caused by low calcium levels, not excess GH. Gigantism (C) occurs when excess GH is produced during the growth years, leading to abnormal height, not after growth is completed. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it directly correlates with the scenario provided.

Identify the growth factor that is released by cancer cells to create a capillary network that aids the cancer growth.

  • A. macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  • B. platelet derived growth factor
  • C. tumor angiogenesis factor
  • D. epidermal growth factor
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, tumor angiogenesis factor. Cancer cells release this growth factor to promote the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) around the tumor, providing a supply of nutrients and oxygen to support their growth. This process is essential for cancer progression.

A: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor is involved in the production and differentiation of macrophages, not in angiogenesis.

B: Platelet-derived growth factor promotes cell growth and division, but it is not specifically responsible for angiogenesis in the context of cancer.

D: Epidermal growth factor is a signaling molecule that promotes cell proliferation and differentiation but is not the primary factor released by cancer cells to induce angiogenesis.

Which statement about the reaction is correct?

  • A. It is endothermic and thermal energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
  • B. It is endothermic and thermal energy is transferred to the surroundings.
  • C. It is exothermic and thermal energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
  • D. It is exothermic and thermal energy is transferred to the surroundings.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because an endothermic reaction absorbs thermal energy from the surroundings to proceed. In an endothermic reaction, the products have higher potential energy than the reactants, requiring energy input. Choice B is incorrect as endothermic reactions do not transfer thermal energy to the surroundings. Choices C and D are incorrect as they describe exothermic reactions, where thermal energy is released to the surroundings.

Concerning Alpha blockers, which of the following is CORRECT:

  • A. Phentolamine is a selective Alpha1 blocker
  • B. Alpha2 blockers decrease noradrenaline release
  • C. Prazosin can block Alpha1 receptor only
  • D. They decrease both BP and HR
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
C: Prazosin can block Alpha1 receptor only.
- Prazosin is a selective Alpha1 blocker, mainly used for hypertension.
- By blocking Alpha1 receptors, it reduces vasoconstriction and lowers blood pressure.
- Prazosin does not affect Alpha2 receptors, distinguishing it from non-selective Alpha blockers.
- Correct as it accurately describes Prazosin's mechanism of action.

Incorrect:
A: Phentolamine is a non-selective Alpha blocker, affecting both Alpha1 and Alpha2 receptors.
B: Alpha2 blockers increase noradrenaline release by inhibiting the negative feedback control.
D: Alpha blockers typically decrease blood pressure, but can increase heart rate due to vasodilation.

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