Nokea
Which of the following is wrong concerning Philadelphia chromosome:
- A. shortening of long arm of chromosome 22
- B. Philadelphia:-ve cases have bad prognosis
- C. diagnostic of CML
- D. found in lymphocytes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the Philadelphia chromosome is found in myeloid (not lymphoid) cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). This is due to a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in a shortened chromosome 22q, not chromosome 22 itself. Choice A is incorrect because the long arm of chromosome 22 is affected. Choice B is incorrect as Philadelphia chromosome-negative cases can have a favorable prognosis. Choice C is incorrect as the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome is diagnostic of CML.
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Which of the following is the most suitable anti malarial drug for pregnant women?
- A. Atovaquone and proguanil
- B. Quinine and doxycycline
- C. Quinine and clindamycin
- D. Primaquine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Quinine and clindamycin. Quinine is considered safe for use in pregnancy to treat malaria, as it has been used for many years without significant adverse effects. Clindamycin is also safe for use in pregnancy and can be used in combination with quinine to treat malaria. Atovaquone and proguanil (choice A) are not recommended for use in pregnancy due to limited safety data. Quinine and doxycycline (choice B) is not suitable for pregnant women as doxycycline is contraindicated during pregnancy. Primaquine (choice D) is not recommended for use during pregnancy as it can cause harm to the fetus.
NADPH is a product of the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) in the red blood cell. The NADPH is used for the
- A. Synthesis of fatty acids
- B. Reduction of glutathione
- C. Formation of ATP
- D. Removal of oxygen radicals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reduction of glutathione. In the HMP pathway, glucose-6-phosphate is converted to ribulose-5-phosphate, generating NADPH. NADPH is essential for the reduction of glutathione, which helps in detoxifying reactive oxygen species and protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage. Fatty acid synthesis (choice A) primarily requires NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway. ATP formation (choice C) is not a direct function of NADPH production in the HMP pathway. NADPH is not directly involved in the removal of oxygen radicals (choice D), as it is the reduced form of NADP+ that participates in antioxidant defense mechanisms.
Busulfan therapy lead to all except:
- A. hyperpigmentation
- B. pulm .Fibrosis
- C. optic neuritis
- D. BM suppression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Optic neuritis. Busulfan therapy is known to cause adverse effects like hyperpigmentation, pulmonary fibrosis, and bone marrow suppression due to its cytotoxic nature. However, optic neuritis is not a common side effect associated with busulfan. Optic neuritis typically occurs due to inflammation of the optic nerve and is more commonly linked to conditions like multiple sclerosis. Therefore, in the context of busulfan therapy, optic neuritis is not a expected side effect, making it the correct answer.
A nurse is assessing a dark-skinned client for pallor. What action is best?
- A. Assess the conjunctiva of the eye.
- B. Have the client open the hand widely.
- C. Look at the roof of the client's mouth.
- D. Palpate for areas of mild swelling.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the conjunctiva of the eye. This is because pallor, which is paleness of the skin, can be difficult to detect on dark skin. The conjunctiva of the eye is a mucous membrane that is not pigmented and can provide a more accurate indication of pallor. Options B, C, and D are not ideal for assessing pallor in a dark-skinned client as they may not show paleness accurately. B is more related to checking for pallor in fair-skinned individuals. C and D are not reliable indicators of pallor in any skin type.
While taking a client history, which factor(s) that place the client at risk for a hematologic health problem will the nurse document? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Family history of military excellence
- B. Diet low in iron and protein
- C. Excessive alcohol consumption
- D. Family history of allergies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol can lead to various hematologic health problems such as anemia, bleeding disorders, and impaired immune function. Excessive alcohol intake can disrupt the production of red blood cells and platelets, leading to an increased risk of hematologic issues. Family history of military excellence (A) and family history of allergies (D) are not directly related to hematologic health problems. A diet low in iron and protein (B) can contribute to hematologic issues, but it is not as direct a risk factor as excessive alcohol consumption.