Nokea
Which of the following laboratory findings is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Hypoalbuminemia
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by increased glomerular permeability, leading to protein loss in the urine. One of the hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome is hypoalbuminemia, which refers to low levels of albumin in the blood due to its excessive loss in the urine. This loss of albumin results in decreased oncotic pressure, leading to edema and ascites. Hematuria (choice A) is not typically found in nephrotic syndrome but may be present in other kidney conditions. Hyperkalemia (choice C) is not specific to nephrotic syndrome and may be more common in conditions affecting potassium regulation. Hypocalcemia (choice D) is also not a characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome.
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A patient presents with a rash characterized by erythematous papules and vesicles arranged in a linear distribution. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Psoriasis
- B. Contact dermatitis
- C. Scabies
- D. Atopic dermatitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. The classic presentation of scabies includes a rash characterized by erythematous papules and vesicles that are arranged in a linear or burrow-like distribution. These linear tracks are often seen in areas such as the interdigital spaces, wrists, elbows, axillae, belt line, and genitalia. It is commonly associated with intense itching, especially at night. Unlike psoriasis, which presents with silvery scales and well-defined borders, or contact dermatitis, which results from exposure to a specific allergen or irritant, scabies is caused by a parasitic mite infestation. Atopic dermatitis, on the other hand, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by pruritic eczematous lesions, but it typically does not manifest with a linear distribution of lesions like scabies.
A nurse is caring for a patient with complex healthcare needs. What action by the nurse demonstrates effective care coordination?
- A. Working in isolation without consulting other healthcare providers
- B. Providing fragmented care without considering the patient's preferences
- C. Collaborating with interdisciplinary team members to develop a comprehensive care plan
- D. Focusing solely on completing tasks without addressing the patient's holistic needs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Collaborating with interdisciplinary team members to develop a comprehensive care plan demonstrates effective care coordination. In complex healthcare situations, involving various healthcare providers such as physicians, specialists, therapists, social workers, and others is crucial to ensure that all aspects of the patient's care are addressed holistically. By working together, healthcare professionals can share information, expertise, and insights to develop a well-rounded care plan that considers all aspects of the patient's needs. This collaborative approach helps promote better outcomes for the patient and enhances overall care coordination. It also helps to ensure that the patient's preferences and values are taken into account when developing the care plan.
A patient presents with flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable mass in the abdomen. Imaging reveals a solid renal mass with calcifications. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
- A. Renal cell carcinoma
- B. Renal cyst
- C. Pyelonephritis
- D. Renal abscess
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable mass in the abdomen is characteristic of renal cell carcinoma. Renal cell carcinoma is a common type of kidney cancer that often presents with these symptoms. The presence of a solid renal mass with calcifications on imaging further supports this diagnosis, as renal cell carcinoma is known to have this appearance on imaging studies. It is important to promptly evaluate and manage patients with suspected renal cell carcinoma to optimize outcomes.
The research team will use summary indicators of health as method to depict health status. What is this approach called?
- A. Analytic
- B. Descriptive
- C. Holistic
- D. Evaluative
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The approach of using summary indicators of health to depict health status is known as a descriptive approach. In this method, researchers aim to provide a clear and concise summary of the health status of a population or group. It involves presenting information in a straightforward manner, without making judgments or interpretations about the data. Descriptive statistics are often used in public health research to provide an overview of key health indicators and trends. This approach helps to identify patterns and characteristics within the data, which can then be used to inform decision-making and interventions aimed at improving health outcomes.
Ms. Cruz is the supervisor of a hospital on night shift. Several nurses did not report due to Jeepney strike. When the supervisor is executing proper allocation of nurses to the PRIORITY wards to address this concern, she is observing what type of principle?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Justice
- C. Non-maleficence
- D. Fidelity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When the supervisor allocates nurses to the priority wards in response to the situation of several nurses not reporting due to the Jeepney strike, she is practicing the ethical principle of justice. Justice in healthcare pertains to the fair distribution of resources and the equitable treatment of individuals. By ensuring that nurses are allocated fairly and appropriately to address the urgent needs of the hospital and its patients, the supervisor is upholding the principle of justice. This decision aims to ensure that all patients receive the care they need despite the unexpected staffing shortage.