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Which of the following medical conditions could possibly affect a woman's fertility status?
- A. Past medical history of asthma during childhood that is presently under control with the use of an inhaler.
- B. Recently diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
- C. Past surgical history of removal of external polyps on labial tissue.
- D. History of frequent sinus headaches that is seasonal in nature treated with over-the-counter medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, recently diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a common hormonal disorder that can affect a woman's fertility by causing irregular ovulation or no ovulation. This can make it difficult to conceive.
- Choice A (asthma with inhaler): Asthma does not directly impact fertility.
- Choice C (polyps removal): External polyps removal does not typically affect fertility.
- Choice D (sinus headaches): Seasonal sinus headaches do not directly impact fertility.
In summary, PCOS can affect fertility due to hormonal imbalances affecting ovulation, making it the most relevant medical condition in this context.
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During ovulation induction, a patient asks why hormone levels are monitored so frequently. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. To predict embryo quality before fertilization.
- B. To ensure hormone levels stay within safe and effective ranges for egg maturation.
- C. To confirm the patient is pregnant before the cycle ends.
- D. To determine if the uterine lining is ready for implantation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Monitoring hormone levels during ovulation induction is essential to ensure that the hormones stay within safe and effective ranges for successful egg maturation. By closely monitoring hormone levels, healthcare providers can adjust medication dosages as needed to optimize the chances of successful ovulation. This helps to minimize the risk of overstimulation or understimulation of the ovaries, which can impact the quality of the eggs produced.
A: Predicting embryo quality before fertilization is not the primary purpose of monitoring hormone levels during ovulation induction.
C: Confirming pregnancy before the cycle ends is not the purpose of hormone level monitoring during ovulation induction.
D: Determining if the uterine lining is ready for implantation is important, but this is typically assessed through other methods such as ultrasound rather than hormone level monitoring.
The nurse is educating a client about hysterosalpingograms. Which information should the nurse include prior to this procedure?
- A. This procedure is always performed under general anesthesia.
- B. This procedure should be performed after ovulation has occurred.
- C. This procedure involves instillation of a radiopaque dye into the uterine cavity.
- D. After the procedure, the client should take Tylenol to decrease cramping.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C:
1. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) involves instillation of a radiopaque dye into the uterine cavity to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes.
2. This dye helps to identify any abnormalities or blockages in the reproductive system.
3. The nurse should include this information as it is essential for the client to understand the purpose and process of the procedure.
4. Understanding the use of the dye can help alleviate any anxiety or concerns the client may have.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: This procedure is typically performed without general anesthesia.
B: HSG can be performed at various points in the menstrual cycle, not specifically after ovulation.
D: Tylenol may be recommended for pain relief post-procedure, but it is not a necessary pre-procedure step.
What is the significance of luteal phase deficiency in infertility?
- A. It results from inadequate estrogen levels during ovulation.
- B. It is caused by insufficient progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.
- C. It occurs only in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
- D. It leads to the release of immature eggs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because luteal phase deficiency is caused by insufficient progesterone to maintain the uterine lining, which is crucial for implantation of a fertilized egg. This deficiency can lead to difficulty in sustaining a pregnancy.
A is incorrect because estrogen levels are more related to follicular phase than luteal phase.
C is incorrect because luteal phase deficiency can occur in women without PCOS.
D is incorrect because immature eggs are more related to ovulation issues rather than luteal phase deficiency.
During an infertility consultation, the nurse explains the impact of endometriosis on fertility. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Endometriosis improves the chances of conception naturally.
- B. Endometriosis can cause scarring and reduce ovarian function.
- C. Endometriosis is unrelated to infertility.
- D. Endometriosis eliminates the need for fertility treatments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because endometriosis can lead to scarring in the reproductive organs and reduce ovarian function, affecting fertility. Scarring can block the fallopian tubes, impairing egg and sperm transport. Reduced ovarian function can affect egg quality and quantity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Endometriosis does not improve natural conception chances; it is a leading cause of infertility. It is related to infertility due to its impact on reproductive organs. Endometriosis often necessitates fertility treatments due to its effects on fertility.
Cervical mucus at ovulation should be:
- A. Thin and slippery, and should stretch to at least 6 cm.
- B. Cloudy with a mild odor and should stretch to at least 6 cm.
- C. Thick, clear, and of a large amount.
- D. Thin and tinged with a small amount of blood.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cervical mucus at ovulation should be thin and slippery, and should stretch to at least 6 cm. This type of mucus indicates the fertile window and the best time for conception.