Multiple Choice Questions on Infertility

Multiple Choice Questions on Infertility Related

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A 44-year-old woman presents with an unexpected pregnancy. She asks the nurse, 'Is my baby going to have a birth defect? My third cousin has Down syndrome.' What is the nurse's best response?

  • A. Tell the patient she is at risk for gene mutation because a birth defect in a distant relative places the woman at increased risk.
  • B. Discuss the potential risk for intrauterine growth retardation due to the mother's advanced age.
  • C. Discuss the patient's situation with the physician to ask for a referral to high-risk obstetrics.
  • D. Discuss the potential risk for a chromosomal abnormality based on the patient's advanced age.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: The correct answer is D because advanced maternal age (AMA), generally defined as 35 years or older, is a well-known risk factor for chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.
Step 2: Down syndrome is more common in babies born to mothers over the age of 35 due to the increased likelihood of errors in cell division during egg development.
Step 3: Given the patient's age of 44, she falls into the category of AMA and is at an increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities in her baby.
Step 4: Option A is incorrect as the risk is not solely based on gene mutation but rather on the increased chance of chromosomal abnormalities due to age.
Step 5: Option B is incorrect as it focuses on intrauterine growth retardation, which is not directly related to the patient's query about birth defects.
Step 6: Option C is incorrect as a referral to high-risk obstetrics may not be necessary solely based on the patient's

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A Roman Catholic couple is infertile. Their health care practitioner advises them that their best chance of getting pregnant is via in vitro fertilization with a mixture of the man's sperm and donor sperm. Which of the following issues, related to this procedure, should the nurse realize may be in conflict with the couple's religious beliefs? Select all that apply.

  • A. The man will ejaculate by masturbation into a specially designed condom.
  • B. The woman may become pregnant with donor sperm.
  • C. Fertilization is occurring in the artificial environment of the laboratory.
  • D. More embryos will be created than will be used to inseminate the woman.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: These aspects of IVF conflict with Roman Catholic teachings on procreation and the sanctity of life.

Assessment of a woman in labor reveals cervical dilation of 3 cm, cervical effacement of 30%, and contractions occurring every 7 to 8 minutes, lasting about 40 seconds. The nurse determines that this client is in:

  • A. latent phase of the first stage.
  • B. active phase of the first stage.
  • C. pelvic phase of the second stage.
  • D. early phase of the third stage.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The client's cervical dilation, effacement, and contraction pattern indicate that she is in the latent phase of the first stage of labor. This phase is characterized by cervical dilation of 0 to 3 cm, effacement of 0% to 40%, and contractions every 5 to 10 minutes lasting 30 to 40 seconds. The active phase of the first stage occurs with cervical dilation of 4 to 7 cm, effacement of 40% to 80%, and contractions every 2 to 5 minutes lasting 45 to 60 seconds. The perineal phase of the second stage and early phase of the third stage have different characteristics, making them incorrect choices.

A nurse is explaining the benefits of embryo freezing to a patient. What should the nurse emphasize?

  • A. Frozen embryos have a higher success rate than fresh ones.
  • B. It allows for future pregnancy attempts without additional egg retrieval.
  • C. Embryo freezing eliminates the need for hormonal support during IVF.
  • D. Only genetically modified embryos can be frozen.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because embryo freezing allows for future pregnancy attempts without additional egg retrieval. This is important as it saves time, cost, and reduces physical burden on the patient. Choice A is incorrect as success rates are similar for frozen and fresh embryos. Choice C is incorrect because hormonal support is still required during IVF with frozen embryos. Choice D is incorrect as genetically unmodified embryos can also be frozen.

A patient undergoing ovarian stimulation is concerned about ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). What should the nurse explain?

  • A. OHSS is a mild side effect and rarely requires medical attention.
  • B. OHSS can cause severe symptoms like abdominal pain and requires monitoring.
  • C. OHSS is only a concern for women over 40.
  • D. OHSS cannot occur with modern fertility medications.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because OHSS can indeed cause severe symptoms like abdominal pain and fluid accumulation in the abdomen or chest, which may require medical attention and monitoring. OHSS is a potential complication of ovarian stimulation, particularly in women undergoing fertility treatments. It is crucial for the nurse to explain the seriousness of OHSS symptoms and the importance of close monitoring to the patient.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because OHSS is not a mild side effect, it can occur in women of all ages, and it can still happen with modern fertility medications. It is important to provide accurate information to the patient to ensure their understanding and safety during the treatment process.

Analyze the pedigree below. Which of the following inheritance patterns does the pedigree depict?

  • A. Autosomal recessive.
  • B. Mitochondrial inheritance.
  • C. X-linked recessive.
  • D. Y-linked trait.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The pattern suggests autosomal recessive inheritance.

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