Nokea
An infertile man is being treated with Viagra (sildenafil citrate) for erectile dysfunction (ED). Which of the following is a contraindication for this medication?
- A. Preexisting diagnosis of herpes simplex 2.
- B. Nitroglycerin ingestion for angina pectoris.
- C. Retinal damage from type I diabetes mellitus.
- D. Postsurgical care for resection of the prostate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Viagra interacts dangerously with nitroglycerin, potentially causing severe hypotension.
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A client is hospitalized in the acute phase of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The following nursing diagnosis has been identified: Fluid volume excess (extravascular) related to third spacing. Which of the following nursing goals is highest priority in relation to this diagnosis?
- A. Client's weight will be within normal limits by date of discharge.
- B. Client's skin will show no evidence of breakdown throughout hospitalization.
- C. Client's electrolyte levels will be within normal limits within one day.
- D. Client's lung fields will remain clear throughout hospitalization.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory compromise is a critical concern in severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
A client has just had an amniocentesis to determine whether her baby has an inheritable genetic disease. Which of the following interventions is highest priority at this time?
- A. Assess the fetal heart rate.
- B. Check the client's temperature.
- C. Acknowledge the client's anxiety about the possible findings.
- D. Answer questions regarding the genetic abnormality.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Addressing the client's anxiety is crucial to providing holistic care.
What is the function of estrogen in preparing the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle?
- A. To prevent ovulation from occurring prematurely.
- B. To thicken and vascularize the endometrium for potential implantation.
- C. To stimulate the release of eggs from the ovaries.
- D. To increase progesterone production directly.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Estrogen plays a crucial role in thickening and vascularizing the endometrium to prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. Estrogen does not prevent ovulation (choice A), as it actually promotes ovulation. It also does not directly stimulate egg release (choice C), as that is primarily controlled by luteinizing hormone. Estrogen indirectly influences progesterone production by triggering ovulation, but it does not directly increase progesterone production (choice D).
Which of the following medical conditions could possibly affect a woman's fertility status?
- A. Past medical history of asthma during childhood that is presently under control with the use of an inhaler.
- B. Recently diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
- C. Past surgical history of removal of external polyps on labial tissue.
- D. History of frequent sinus headaches that is seasonal in nature treated with over-the-counter medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, recently diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a common hormonal disorder that can affect a woman's fertility by causing irregular ovulation or no ovulation. This can make it difficult to conceive.
- Choice A (asthma with inhaler): Asthma does not directly impact fertility.
- Choice C (polyps removal): External polyps removal does not typically affect fertility.
- Choice D (sinus headaches): Seasonal sinus headaches do not directly impact fertility.
In summary, PCOS can affect fertility due to hormonal imbalances affecting ovulation, making it the most relevant medical condition in this context.
What is the role of pelvic ultrasound in infertility evaluation?
- A. To evaluate ovarian reserve directly.
- B. To visualize uterine and ovarian structures.
- C. To measure hormone levels in the bloodstream.
- D. To identify genetic abnormalities in embryos.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, as pelvic ultrasound allows visualization of uterine and ovarian structures. This is essential in assessing conditions like fibroids, polyps, ovarian cysts, and structural abnormalities that may affect fertility. Ovarian reserve evaluation (A) involves separate tests like AMH levels. Hormone levels (C) are typically measured through blood tests. Genetic abnormalities in embryos (D) are usually identified through preimplantation genetic testing, not pelvic ultrasound.