Nokea
Which of the following nucleotide triplets best represents a codon?
- A. a triplet in the same reading frame as an upstream AUG.
- B. a triplet separated spatially from other triplets.
- C. a sequence in tRNA at the 3' end.
- D. a triplet that has no corresponding amino acid.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a codon is a triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid during protein synthesis. To be a codon, the triplet must be in the same reading frame as the start codon (AUG) to maintain the correct reading of the genetic code. Choice B is incorrect because codons are typically consecutive in mRNA. Choice C is incorrect as tRNA sequences are not codons. Choice D is incorrect because all codons correspond to specific amino acids.
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What dietary advice should the nurse give to clients with HIV/AIDS?
- A. Encourage intake of fat-soluble vitamins in amounts two to five times the RDA
- B. Encourage intake of water-soluble vitamins in amounts two to five times the RDA
- C. Increase the intake of iron and zinc
- D. Decrease the intake of trace element and antioxidant supplements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Water-soluble vitamins are crucial for immune function and are often depleted in HIV/AIDS patients so increasing their intake is beneficial.
During exacerbations of SL, patients are often treated with:
- A. Antiemetics.
- B. Antineoplastics.
- C. Corticosteroids.
- D. Antibiotics.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corticosteroids are commonly used during exacerbations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Antineoplastics and antibiotics target different conditions and are not the primary treatment for SLE.
The annotation D refers to which DNA component?
- A. Plasmid DNA
- B. Vector DNA
- C. Insert DNA
- D. Recombinant DNA
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Recombinant DNA. Recombinant DNA refers to the DNA molecule formed by combining DNA from different sources. In genetic engineering, this is created by inserting a foreign DNA fragment into a vector DNA, resulting in a new DNA molecule. Plasmid DNA (A) is a small, circular DNA found in bacteria. Vector DNA (B) is a carrier molecule used to transport foreign DNA into a host cell. Insert DNA (C) is the DNA fragment that is inserted into a vector. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the combined DNA molecule formed in genetic engineering.
To provide free water and intracellular fluid hydration for a patient with acute gastroenteritis who is NPO, the nurse would expect administration of which infusion?
- A. Dextrose 5% in water
- B. Dextrose 10% in water
- C. Lactated Ringer’s solution
- D. Dextrose 5% in normal saline (0.9%)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: D5W provides free water without adding significant electrolytes, aiding intracellular hydration.
Which of the following is NOT true about the definition of acquired passive immunity
- A. Breast milk is an example
- B. It provides short term protection
- C. Can be transferred through the placenta
- D. It can be used for disease prevention
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: I'm sorry, but the correct answer is not provided in the choices given. Acquired passive immunity refers to the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another. Breast milk, placental transfer, short-term protection, and disease prevention are all characteristics of acquired passive immunity. Therefore, the correct answer is not presented in the options provided.