Nokea
Manhattan seems to sprout shiny new skyscrapers as easily as a garden grows weeds, but despite the modern appearance of the concrete jungle at the heart of New York City, every engineer knows that before breaking ground, they need to step back in time, with the help of Viele's map.
In 1865, Egbert Viele, a civil engineer and Civil War veteran who surveyed the land for Central Park and later served in Congress, published a map that is still crucial almost 160 years later. His map showed all the original marshes and waterways of Manhattan. Even today, engineers rely on his work to determine soil conditions and any underground water that still flows through a building site, potentially undermining foundations.
Which of the following pieces of evidence from the text supports the conclusion that Viele's work had an impact on the development of Manhattan island?
- A. Builders must analyze potential sites for stability, which affects the building type and zoning options.
- B. Central Park continues to flood, which Viele set out to prevent with his map.
- C. Central Park continues to flood, which Viele set out to prevent with his map.
- D. Residents of Manhattan Island find it easy to grow gardens due to the well-established water map.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Viele's map is crucial for engineers to determine soil conditions and underground water flow before construction begins. This impacts builders as they need to analyze potential sites for stability, which in turn affects the type of buildings that can be constructed and zoning options. Option B is incorrect as Central Park flooding is not directly related to the impact of Viele's work on the development of Manhattan. Option D is also incorrect as the ease of growing gardens for residents is not mentioned in relation to Viele's map in the text.
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Basic breadmaking steps: first, the ingredients are mixed and kneaded to create a smooth, springy dough. Next comes the first rising stage, or bulk fermentation. The once-fermented dough is then cut and shaped before a second rising step, called proofing. This can take as little as an hour or as long as several hours. finally, the proofed dough is baked until a crispy golden crust forms and the interior is cooked through.
According to the passage, which of the following phrases clarifies the order of the steps in basic breadmaking?
- A. as little as an hour
- B. until a crispy golden crust forms
- C. once-fermented dough is then cut
- D. To create a smooth, springy dough
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: once-fermented dough is then cut' because it specifies a step that occurs after the first rising stage, which is the bulk fermentation. Cutting and shaping the once-fermented dough comes before the second rising step, known as proofing, effectively clarifying the order of the breadmaking process as outlined in the passage.
The jurors for the trial were randomly selected from a pool.
- A. The children had to pool their money to buy ice cream.
- B. The pool of available workers diminished during the summer.
- C. The group planned to meet at nine o'clock at the pool hall.
- D. They looked nervously at the pool of oil under the car.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of the original sentence, 'pool' refers to a group or collection from which something is selected. Choice B, 'The pool of available workers diminished during the summer,' conveys a similar meaning as in the original sentence where jurors were selected from a pool of individuals. The other choices use 'pool' in different contexts, unrelated to the selection process described in the original sentence.
Letter from the chair of Elkinsville Ecological Society.
Many of you have heard about the proposes northward expansion of the interstate which currently ends just south of Elkinsville. In the recent debate over how this work will go forward, the focus has been on weighing economic costs and benefits. Indeed, many local politicians claim to favor the project because it will bring in the short term and more visitors to Elkinsville in the long run. These politicians also argue that the proposed plan is the least environmentally damaging way to expand the highway farther upstate. This cannot be true, however, since the proposed expansion involves not just the widening of existing roads, but also the construction of more than a dozen miles of new-terrain highway.
Which of the following statements is supported by evidence from the passage?
- A. The Elkinsville Ecological Society will continue to oppose the northern expansion of the interstate.
- B. Politicians in Elkinsville will win their efforts to approve the northern expansion of the interstate highway.
- C. There are no Elkinsville Ecological Society members among the city's politicians.
- D. A detailed environmental study of the northern expansion of the interstate has been conducted by the Elkinsville Ecological Society.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The passage mentions that the focus of the debate has been on weighing economic costs and benefits of the proposed northward expansion of the interstate. It also states that the Elkinsville Ecological Society is involved in this matter. While politicians argue for the project, the passage does not mention any direct involvement or opposition by the Elkinsville Ecological Society, making it unclear whether they will oppose or support the expansion. However, the passage does imply that the proposed expansion involves construction that may have environmental impacts. Therefore, based on the passage, the statement supported by evidence is that a detailed environmental study of the northern expansion of the interstate has been conducted by the Elkinsville Ecological Society.
Egg Replacements in Baking
Eggs are an important staple of many baking recipes. They serve several crucial functions, such as binding, leavening, and providing moisture to the final product. However, some people are unable to consume eggs for a variety of reasons. If you are one of these people, baking can seem daunting. Fortunately, there are several substitutions that will allow you to continue enjoying your delicious treats without using eggs.
Two popular egg replacements are applesauce and banana. These things work well enough to provide moisture to your dessert, but they are suboptimal replacements overall, because providing moisture is only one function of the egg. When using applesauce or banana in place of eggs, you may find that your baked goods crumble or do not rise properly. Luckily, here are other ways to achieve binding and leavening effects that are more similar to those of eggs.
Eggs help emulsify the disparate ingredients of your recipe into one homogenous batter or dough. To achieve this, it is most effective to use something with protein or fat that will bind to the starch. One option is a quarter cup of plain yogurt, sour cream, or buttermilk for each egg- either dairy or non-dairy will work just fine. Another option is ground flax or chia seeds. For each egg, combine 1 tablespoon of ground seeds with 3 tablespoons of warm water and leave the mixture to rest at room temperature for about 10 minutes before using.
Eggs help emulsify the disparate ingredients of your recipe into one homogenous batter or dough. To achieve this, it is most effective to use something with protein or fat that will bind to the starch. One option is a quarter cup of plain yogurt, sour cream, or buttermilk for each egg- either dairy or non-dairy will work just fine. Another option is ground flax or chia seeds. For each egg, combine 1 tablespoon of ground seeds with 3 tablespoons of warm water and leave the mixture to rest at room temperature for about 10 minutes before using.
Either of these options will effectively bind your ingredients. However, if you are baking something that needs to rise, like a cake, you may want to give your dessert a little additional help. In this case, mix 1 teaspoon of baking soda with 1 tablespoon of a neutral-flavored vinegar, such as white or apple cider, and add this mixture alongside the other wet ingredients.
Which one of the following statements is false or misleading based on the given textual evidence?
- A. When using egg alternatives, the substitutes can be vegan or dairy-based.
- B. When using egg alternatives, a proper substitute needs the ability to emulsify.
- C. When using egg alternatives, you do not need to use fat to bind the starch.
- D. When using egg alternatives, people with egg allergies can still enjoy their favorite recipes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The false or misleading statement based on the given textual evidence is choice C. In the text, it is emphasized that when using egg alternatives, it is most effective to use something with protein or fat that will bind to the starch. Fat is mentioned as a crucial component for binding, especially in achieving the emulsification effect that eggs provide. Therefore, the statement 'When using egg alternatives, you do not need to use fat to bind the starch' is inaccurate and misleading, as fat plays a significant role in binding the ingredients together when replacing eggs in baking.
Which of the following sources would provide relevant information about the cost of property destruction following a natural disaster?
- A. A newspaper article about the natural disaster
- B. A pamphlet about local food and shelter resources
- C. A speech celebrating community first responders
- D. A photograph of damage taken by a bystander
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A newspaper article about the natural disaster would likely contain information about the cost of property destruction following the event. Newspapers often cover such details, including estimates of property damage, insurance claims, and overall economic impact. This source would be more relevant compared to a pamphlet on local resources, a speech about community responders, or a photograph of damage taken by a bystander, which may not necessarily focus on the cost aspect.