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Which of the following provides the best source of nutrients?
- A. specific food combinations.
- B. a variety of foods.
- C. individual foods.
- D. a variety of food supplements.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A variety of foods is the best source of nutrients because it ensures a balanced intake of all essential nutrients required by the body. Option A, specific food combinations, may not provide all necessary nutrients as relying on only a few types of food may lead to deficiencies. Option C, individual foods, also may not provide a complete range of nutrients necessary for overall health. Option D, a variety of food supplements, is not the best source of nutrients as whole foods are generally more beneficial due to their natural nutrient composition and bioavailability.
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In the most recent edition of Choose Your Foods: Exchange List for Diabetes, the three groups into which foods are arranged are:
- A. fruits and vegetables, breads, and meats.
- B. fats, starches and sugars, and meat and milk.
- C. fruits and vegetables, meat and milk, and starches.
- D. carbohydrates, meat and meat substitutes, and fats.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: carbohydrates, meat and meat substitutes, and fats. The most recent edition of Choose Your Foods: Exchange List for Diabetes categorizes foods into these three groups for easier meal planning. Choice A is incorrect because it does not include carbohydrates and groups bread with fruits and vegetables. Choice B is incorrect because it separates carbohydrates into starches and sugars, which are usually counted together in diabetes meal planning. Choice C is incorrect as it does not specifically categorize foods into carbohydrates, meat, and fats as per the latest edition.
Major nutrients supplied by foods in the Vegetables group of MyPlate include:
- A. potassium and vitamin A.
- B. iron and vitamin C.
- C. calcium and vitamin B12.
- D. sodium and vitamin E.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: potassium and vitamin A. Vegetables are an excellent source of potassium and vitamin A, both essential for maintaining overall health. Iron and vitamin C (choice B) are commonly found in foods from the Protein and Fruits groups, respectively. Calcium and vitamin B12 (choice C) are more abundant in dairy products and animal-based foods. Sodium and vitamin E (choice D) are not the major nutrients typically supplied by vegetables.
What is the basis of MyPlate food guidance?
- A. Percentage of calories from each macronutrient.
- B. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.
- C. Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.
- D. Amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.' MyPlate food guidance focuses on portion sizes from different food groups to promote a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because MyPlate emphasizes the consumption of a variety of foods from different food groups rather than focusing solely on macronutrient percentages, exchange lists, or specific nutrient amounts.
Which age group is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition?
- A. Infants
- B. Teenagers
- C. Young adults
- D. Middle-aged adults
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to their high growth rate and specific nutrient requirements. During the first year of life, infants experience rapid growth and development, requiring essential nutrients for proper physical and cognitive development. Teenagers, young adults, and middle-aged adults have more stable nutritional needs compared to infants, making them less vulnerable to malnutrition. Therefore, infants are the most susceptible age group when it comes to malnutrition.
In addition to protein, which nutrients contribute to the building and repair of tissue?
- A. Vitamins
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Fats
- D. Enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role in tissue building and repair along with protein. Carbohydrates (choice B) are primarily a source of energy and not directly involved in tissue building. Fats (choice C) are important for energy storage and insulation but are not the main contributors to tissue building. Enzymes (choice D) are biological catalysts and do not directly contribute to tissue building and repair.