Nokea
Which of the following signs is indicative of shock in a trauma patient?
- A. Increased heart rate
- B. Hypertension
- C. Rapid capillary refill
- D. Hyperthermia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rapid capillary refill is a sign indicative of shock in a trauma patient. Shock is a life-threatening condition where the body's organs and tissues do not receive adequate blood flow and oxygen, leading to cellular damage and eventual organ failure. In a trauma patient, rapid capillary refill suggests poor perfusion, which is a common feature of shock. The capillary refill time is an important clinical assessment that measures the time it takes for color to return to the nail bed after pressure is applied. In cases of shock, the refill time is faster than normal, indicating a systemic circulatory disturbance. Other signs of shock may include tachycardia (increased heart rate), hypotension (not hypertension), and hypothermia (not hyperthermia).
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Which of the following is caused by the markedly distended uterus and intermittent uterine contractions within 2 to 3 days after birth?
- A. Retained placenta
- B. Uterine atony
- C. Afterpains
- D. Boggy uterus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Uterine atony is caused by the markedly distended uterus and intermittent uterine contractions within 2 to 3 days after birth. It is characterized by the inability of the uterus to contract after delivery, leading to excessive bleeding postpartum. This condition is a significant risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. Treatment may involve massage of the uterus, administration of uterotonics, and in severe cases, surgical interventions such as a hysterectomy. Retained placenta refers to incomplete expulsion of the placenta after delivery. Afterpains are the discomfort felt by some women as their uterus contracts and returns to its normal size after childbirth. A boggy uterus is another term for a uterus that feels soft, lax, or lack firm tone, which can be a sign of uterine atony.
A patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hyperthyroidism
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Cushing's syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms of polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excessive hunger) are classic signs of diabetes mellitus. In this case, the presence of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (glucose in the urine) further support the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Insulin deficiency or resistance in diabetes leads to impaired glucose utilization and excessive glucose in the bloodstream, causing the classic symptoms observed in the patient. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and Cushing's syndrome do not typically present with the hallmark symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
How many years are medico-legal charts stored?
- A. 8 years
- B. 5 years
- C. 10 years after the case is closed
- D. 10 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Medico-legal charts are typically stored for a minimum of 10 years after the case is closed to ensure compliance with legal requirements and to provide a comprehensive record of the medical care provided. This duration allows for potential future reference, follow-up treatment, or legal purposes that may arise within the specified timeframe. It is important to maintain these records for an extended period to protect both the patient's rights and the healthcare provider's accountability. Additionally, storing medico-legal charts for 10 years aligns with standard retention practices in the healthcare industry.
Nurses may be privy to very personal information of patients and should make every effort to make it confidential, otherwise she can be charged of ______.
- A. negligence
- B. invasion of privacy
- C. malpractice
- D. defamation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses are bound by strict confidentiality and privacy regulations in their profession. If a nurse fails to keep a patient's personal information confidential and discloses it without authorization, they can be charged with invasion of privacy. Invasion of privacy is the wrongful intrusion into a person's private affairs without their consent, and it is a serious violation of ethical and legal standards in healthcare. Nurses must always prioritize patient confidentiality to maintain trust and uphold ethical standards in their practice.
Which of the following would the nurse expect to see as symptoms in a child with ADHD?
- A. Moody, sullen and pouting behavior
- B. Interrupts others and can't take turns
- C. Excessive running, climbing and. fidgeting
- D. Easily distracted and forgetful
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with ADHD often display hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, such as excessive running, climbing, and fidgeting. These behaviors are characteristic symptoms of the hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD. Children with ADHD may struggle to sit still, have difficulty engaging in quiet activities, and often seem on the go. Therefore, the nurse would expect to see signs of excessive movement and restlessness in a child with ADHD.