Nokea
Which of the following sinuses are located on either side of the nose?
- A. Ethmoidal sinuses
- B. Frontal sinuses
- C. Maxillary sinuses
- D. Sphenoidal sinuses
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The maxillary sinuses are paired cavities located on either side of the nose, beneath the orbits. Ethmoidal sinuses (A) are smaller and located between the eyes. Frontal sinuses (B) are above the eyebrows. Sphenoidal sinuses (D) are deeper within the skull, behind the nasal cavity.
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A nurse is caring for a client using oxygen while in the hospital. What assessment finding indicates that outcomes for client safety with oxygen therapy are being met?
- A. 100% of meals being eaten by the client
- B. Intact skin behind the ears
- C. The client understanding the need for oxygen
- D. Unchanged weight for the past 3 days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Intact skin behind the ears indicates that the oxygen delivery device is fitted properly and not causing skin breakdown, ensuring client safety. A (meals being eaten) is not directly related to oxygen therapy outcomes. C (client understanding) is important but doesn't directly assess client safety with oxygen therapy. D (unchanged weight) is not a specific indicator of client safety with oxygen therapy.
The nurse is assessing a patient who frequently coughs after eating or drinking. How should the nurse best follow up this assessment finding?
- A. Obtain a sputum sample.
- B. Perform a swallowing assessment.
- C. Inspect the patient's tongue and mouth.
- D. Assess the patient's nutritional status.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perform a swallowing assessment. This is the best follow-up because coughing after eating or drinking can be a sign of dysphagia, a swallowing disorder. By performing a swallowing assessment, the nurse can identify any issues with the patient's ability to swallow safely, which can lead to aspiration and respiratory complications. Obtaining a sputum sample (A) may not provide relevant information in this context. Inspecting the patient's tongue and mouth (C) may not directly address the coughing after eating. Assessing the patient's nutritional status (D) is important but may not address the immediate issue of coughing after eating or drinking.
Each of the following factors affects the rate of external respiration except the
- A. PO2 of the alveoli
- B. PCO2 of the blood
- C. thickness of the respiratory membrane
- D. PN2 of the alveoli
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: PN2 of the alveoli. The rate of external respiration is primarily influenced by the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the alveoli, as it drives oxygen diffusion into the blood. PCO2 affects the removal of carbon dioxide. The thickness of the respiratory membrane impacts gas exchange efficiency. However, PN2 does not significantly impact gas exchange in the lungs, as nitrogen (N2) is inert and does not participate in gas exchange. Thus, PN2 of the alveoli does not affect the rate of external respiration.
A nurse is assessing a client who is recovering from a lung biopsy. Which assessment finding requires immediate action?
- A. Increased temperature
- B. Absent breath sounds
- C. Productive cough
- D. Incisional discomfort
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absent breath sounds. This finding could indicate a pneumothorax, a serious complication post lung biopsy requiring immediate intervention. Absent breath sounds suggest air accumulation in the pleural space, causing lung collapse. Prompt action is crucial to prevent respiratory distress. Increased temperature (A) may indicate infection but not as urgent as addressing a pneumothorax. Productive cough (C) is common post-procedure. Incisional discomfort (D) is expected and can be managed with appropriate pain relief measures.
The effect of pH on hemoglobin saturation is known as the
- A. Bainbridge reflex
- B. Bohr effect
- C. pulmonary reflex
- D. respiratory effect
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bohr effect. This effect describes how pH affects hemoglobin saturation. When pH decreases (becomes more acidic), hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen decreases, promoting oxygen unloading in tissues. This is due to the protonation of histidine residues in hemoglobin, altering its structure. The other choices are incorrect because the Bainbridge reflex is related to heart rate regulation in response to changes in blood volume, the pulmonary reflex relates to the regulation of breathing in response to changes in blood oxygen levels, and the respiratory effect is a general term that does not specifically describe the pH effect on hemoglobin saturation.