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Which of the following skin layers lacks blood vessels?
- A. Hypodermis
- B. Reticular papillary
- C. Epidermis
- D. Dermis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is avascular, lacking blood vessels. Nutrients are received through diffusion from the underlying dermis. In contrast, the hypodermis, dermis, and reticular papillary layers contain blood vessels that provide nutrients and oxygen to the skin. Understanding the avascular nature of the epidermis is crucial in grasping its functions and how it receives nourishment. Remember, the epidermis acts as a protective barrier and relies on the underlying layers for its blood supply.
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A group of students performed an experiment to test terminal velocity, which is the greatest speed obtained by a falling object. The students dropped different numbers of coffee filters and measured the resulting terminal velocity. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data in the following data table?
- A. The greater the number of filters, the smaller the terminal velocity.
- B. Heavier objects take more time to reach terminal velocity.
- C. Terminal Velocity is when the force of gravity is equal to air resistance.
- D. Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct conclusion supported by the data is that heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects. Heavier objects experience a greater gravitational force, causing them to fall faster. This aligns with the concept of terminal velocity, which is the maximum speed a falling object can reach when the force of gravity is balanced by air resistance. Due to the stronger pull of gravity on heavier objects, they can overcome air resistance more effectively and reach terminal velocity faster compared to lighter objects.
A student makes a solution that simulates stomach acid. Which of the following would be true of this solution, compared to distilled water?
- A. It has a higher pH.
- B. It has more hydrogen ions.
- C. It contains more hydroxyl ions.
- D. It has more hydroxyl ions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A solution that simulates stomach acid is acidic, which means it has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions compared to distilled water, which is neutral. Stomach acid is characterized by its high hydrogen ion concentration, which is responsible for its acidic nature. Hydroxyl ions are associated with bases, not acids, so options C and D are incorrect. Option A is incorrect as well because stomach acid would have a lower pH compared to distilled water due to its high acidity.
Where does fertilization of an egg cell typically occur?
- A. Cervical canal
- B. Ovary
- C. Uterus
- D. Fallopian tube
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fertilization of an egg cell typically occurs in the fallopian tube. After ovulation, the egg is released from the ovary and travels through the fallopian tube, where it may encounter sperm for fertilization. The fertilized egg, known as a zygote, then moves into the uterus for implantation and further development into an embryo.
Which of the following is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg?
- A. Menstruation
- B. Ovulation
- C. Fertilization
- D. Oogenesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ovulation is the correct answer as it is the process where an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg. Menstruation refers to the shedding of the uterine lining, fertilization is the union of sperm and egg, and oogenesis is the formation of female gametes. Ovulation is a crucial step in the reproductive cycle as it allows for the release of a mature egg from the ovary, which can then potentially be fertilized during its journey through the fallopian tube. Understanding these definitions is essential for comprehending the sequence of events in the female reproductive system.
Which of the following structures is an exocrine gland?
- A. Parotid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Parathyroid gland
- D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An exocrine gland secretes substances into ducts that lead to other organs or out of the body. The parotid gland is a salivary gland that secretes saliva into the mouth through ducts, making it an exocrine gland. The pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, and pineal gland are endocrine glands, which release hormones directly into the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is the Parotid gland, as it fits the definition of an exocrine gland by secreting substances through ducts.