Nokea
Which of the following sports drinks would BEST promote BOTH glucose absorption and water absorption (hydration) during aerobic exercise?
- A. Drink A: 20% carbohydrate and sodium free
- B. Drink B: 8% carbohydrate and sodium free
- C. Drink C: 20% carbohydrate and contains sodium
- D. Drink D: 8% carbohydrate and contains sodium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Drink D with 8% carbohydrate and contains sodium. During aerobic exercise, glucose and sodium are crucial for optimal hydration and energy replenishment. The 8% carbohydrate concentration is within the recommended range for efficient glucose absorption, while the presence of sodium helps in fluid retention and electrolyte balance. Choices A and B lack sodium, which is necessary for hydration. Choice C has the right carbohydrate concentration but lacks sodium, making it less effective compared to Drink D.
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Most of the absorption of nutrients occurs in the _____.
- A. colon
- B. duodenum
- C. jejunum
- D. ileum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: jejunum. The jejunum is the middle part of the small intestine where the majority of nutrient absorption takes place. Its large surface area, due to the presence of villi and microvilli, facilitates efficient absorption of nutrients. The duodenum (B) primarily aids in digestion, not absorption. The ileum (D) absorbs bile salts and vitamin B12, but most nutrient absorption occurs in the jejunum. The colon (A) primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients. Therefore, the jejunum is the correct answer for the site of most nutrient absorption in the digestive system.
A 40-year-old severely obese female patient with type 2 diabetes wants to lose weight. After learning about the surgical procedures
- A. she thinks a combination of restrictive and malabsorptive surgery would be best. Which procedure should the nurse teach her about?
- B. Lipectomy
- C. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
- D. Adjustable gastric banding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lipectomy. This procedure involves the removal of excess fat tissue, which can help the patient achieve weight loss. In contrast, options C and D are bariatric surgeries, which are not solely focused on fat removal and may not be suitable for this patient given her age and medical history. Option A, a combination of restrictive and malabsorptive surgery, may pose higher risks for complications in a severely obese patient with diabetes. Lipectomy is a more targeted and less invasive approach to weight loss, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
The patient has hepatic encephalopathy. What is a priority nursing intervention to keep the patient safe?
- A. Turn the patient every 3 hours.
- B. Encourage increasing ambulation.
- C. Assist the patient to the bathroom.
- D. Prevent constipation to reduce ammonia production.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prevent constipation to reduce ammonia production. In hepatic encephalopathy, the liver is unable to metabolize ammonia, leading to its accumulation and brain dysfunction. Preventing constipation helps reduce the production of ammonia by promoting regular bowel movements. This is crucial in managing hepatic encephalopathy to prevent worsening of symptoms and improve patient safety.
A: Turning the patient every 3 hours is important for preventing pressure ulcers but is not directly related to managing hepatic encephalopathy.
B: Encouraging increasing ambulation may be beneficial for overall patient health but does not directly address the priority of reducing ammonia production in hepatic encephalopathy.
C: Assisting the patient to the bathroom is important for maintaining hygiene and comfort but does not address the underlying issue of reducing ammonia production in hepatic encephalopathy.
Which of the following stimuli activates sensors in the walls of digestive organs?
- A. breakdown products of digestion
- B. distension
- C. pH of chyme
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, all of the above.
1. Breakdown products of digestion activate chemoreceptors in the digestive organs.
2. Distension triggers stretch receptors in the walls of the organs.
3. pH of chyme stimulates pH receptors.
4. All three stimuli work together to regulate and coordinate digestive processes.
Therefore, D is correct as all options activate sensors in the walls of digestive organs.
Choice A is incorrect because it only refers to chemoreceptors, overlooking the other types of receptors involved.
Choice B is incorrect as it only mentions distension, omitting the roles of chemical stimuli.
Choice C is incorrect as it solely focuses on pH receptors, neglecting the other types of sensors involved in digestion.
The falciform ligament separates the right from _____ lobe.
- A. quadrate
- B. left
- C. caudate
- D. pancreatic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The falciform ligament separates the right and left lobes of the liver. This is because it attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and suspends it from the diaphragm, dividing the liver into right and left lobes. The quadrate, caudate, and pancreatic lobes are not separated by the falciform ligament, making choices A, C, and D incorrect, respectively.