Nokea
Which of the following statement best describe crisis?
- A. A chronic condition
- B. A sudden event disrupting homeostasis
- C. A minor inconvenience
- D. A permanent state
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crisis is a sudden event disrupting homeostasis (B), per Caplan overwhelming balance (e.g., loss). Chronic (A) is ongoing, minor (C) understates, permanent (D) misframes crisis resolves. B best defines crisis's acute nature, making it correct.
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She was the daughter of Hungarian kings, who feed 300-900 people everyday in their gate, builds hospitals, and care of the poor and sick herself.
- A. Elizabeth
- B. Catherine
- C. Nightingale
- D. Sairey Gamp
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, a 13th-century princess, devoted her life to feeding the poor and building hospitals e.g., using royal funds for charity. Unlike Catherine, Nightingale (modern nurse), or Gamp (fictional), she's nursing's patron saint, her altruism inspiring early caregiving traditions in Christian nursing history.
Which of the following is TRUE about the blood pressure determinants?
- A. Hypervolemia lowers BP
- B. Hypervolemia increases GFR
- C. HCT of 70% might decrease or increase BP
- D. Epinephrine decreases BP
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HCT 70% e.g., polycythemia can raise BP (viscosity) or lower (poor flow), unlike hypervolemia (raises BP, GFR), or epinephrine (raises). Nurses assess this e.g., anemia for impacts, per dynamics.
After a head injury, a client develops a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What should the nurse consider before assessing the patient about the response to secretion of ADH?
- A. Serum osmolality increases
- B. Urine concentration decreases
- C. Glomerular filtration decreases
- D. Tubular reabsorption of water increases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH deficiency (diabetes insipidus) post-head injury causes dilute urine (B) due to reduced water reabsorption. Osmolality increases (A) is a result, not a cause. GFR (C) isn't primarily affected. Reabsorption (D) decreases. B is correct. Rationale: Low ADH leads to polyuria with low urine concentration, a key assessment in DI, per endocrine trauma care.
A patient develops red eyes 2 days after an episode of malaria probable cause is:
- A. Conjunctivitis
- B. Anterior uveitis
- C. Viral keratitis
- D. Endophthalmitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Red eyes post-malaria suggest an ocular complication. Conjunctivitis (choice A) causes redness but isn't typically linked to malaria unless secondary infection occurs. Anterior uveitis (choice B), inflammation of the iris and ciliary body, is a rare but documented malaria sequel, possibly from immune response or parasite-related damage, presenting with redness, pain, and photophobia. Viral keratitis (choice C) affects the cornea and is unrelated to malaria. Endophthalmitis (choice D), a severe intraocular infection, is unlikely without trauma or surgery. B is correct, as anterior uveitis aligns with malaria's systemic inflammatory effects. Nurses should assess eye symptoms, refer to ophthalmology, and manage pain, preventing vision loss in such cases.
A woman in labor is receiving an antibiotic. She suddenly complains of trouble breathing, weakness and nausea. The nurse should recognize that these signs are usually indicative of impending:
- A. Pulmonary egophony
- B. Amniotic fluid embolism
- C. Anaphylaxis
- D. Bronchospasm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sudden breathing difficulty, weakness, and nausea during antibiotic administration suggest a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis. This life-threatening condition involves systemic histamine release, causing airway constriction, hypotension, and gastrointestinal distress. Pulmonary egophony relates to lung sound changes, not systemic symptoms. Amniotic fluid embolism presents with cardiovascular collapse and bleeding, not primarily nausea. Bronchospasm is airway narrowing but lacks the broader symptoms here. Immediate recognition of anaphylaxis prompts epinephrine administration and airway support, critical for maternal and fetal survival in labor.