Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet

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Which of the following statements about innate immunity is TRUE?

  • A. It has no role in stimulating adaptive immunity
  • B. It requires prior exposure to pathogens to function
  • C. It includes both physical and cellular defenses
  • D. It is antigen-specific
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens.
Step 2: Physical defenses include barriers like skin and mucous membranes.
Step 3: Cellular defenses include immune cells like macrophages and natural killer cells.
Step 4: These defenses are present from birth and do not require prior exposure to pathogens.
Step 5: Choice C is true as innate immunity encompasses both physical and cellular defenses, making it the correct answer.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Innate immunity does play a role in stimulating adaptive immunity through antigen presentation.
B: It does not require prior exposure to function, as it is a rapid and non-specific response.
D: Innate immunity is not antigen-specific; adaptive immunity is responsible for antigen-specific responses.

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An 18-year-old college student with an exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been receiving prednisone (Deltacone) 20 mg daily for 4 days. Which of these medical orders should you question?

  • A. Discontinue prednisone after today’s dose.
  • B. Administer first dose of varicella vaccine.
  • C. Check patient’s C-reactive protein (CRP).
  • D. Give ibuprofen (Advil) 800 mg every 6 hours.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The varicella vaccine is a live vaccine and should not be given to patients who are immunosuppressed such as those receiving prednisone. The other orders are appropriate for managing SLE and its symptoms.

Which dietary change is most beneficial in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer?

  • A. Increased fiber intake
  • B. High-fat diet
  • C. Reduced carbohydrate consumption
  • D. Increased protein intake
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Increased fiber intake promotes healthy digestion and reduces the risk of colorectal cancer.

Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oxygen radicals to peroxides. Which groups of organisms do not have this enzyme?

  • A. aerobes
  • B. facultative anaerobes
  • C. oxyduric anaerobes
  • D. oxylabile anaerobes
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: oxylabile anaerobes. These organisms cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and are sensitive to oxygen radicals. Superoxide dismutase is essential for organisms that are exposed to oxygen, as it helps convert harmful oxygen radicals into less harmful peroxides. Therefore, organisms that lack this enzyme, like oxylabile anaerobes, would not be able to detoxify oxygen radicals and would not survive in aerobic environments.

A: Aerobes have superoxide dismutase to protect against oxygen radicals.
B: Facultative anaerobes can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and would benefit from having superoxide dismutase.
C: Oxyduric anaerobes are resistant to oxygen and can still benefit from superoxide dismutase for detoxification.

What is the medical term for the formation of abnormal red blood cells?

  • A. Leukocytosis
  • B. Thrombocytosis
  • C. Hemolysis
  • D. Anemia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Anemia. Anemia is the medical term for a condition where there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. The formation of abnormal red blood cells can lead to anemia, affecting the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Leukocytosis (A) is an increase in white blood cells, thrombocytosis (B) is an increase in platelets, and hemolysis (C) is the breakdown of red blood cells, none of which specifically refer to the formation of abnormal red blood cells.

Dendritic cells migrating from tissues enter the lymph nodes through

  • A. Thoracic duct
  • B. HEV
  • C. Afferent lymphatics
  • D. Efferent lymphatics
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Afferent lymphatics. Dendritic cells migrate from tissues to lymph nodes through afferent lymphatics, which are small vessels that carry lymph into the lymph nodes. Once inside the lymph nodes, dendritic cells interact with T cells to initiate immune responses. The thoracic duct (A) drains lymph from the entire body into the bloodstream, not directly into lymph nodes. High endothelial venules (HEV) (B) are specialized blood vessels in lymph nodes where lymphocytes enter from the bloodstream, not dendritic cells. Efferent lymphatics (D) carry lymph out of the lymph nodes, not into them.

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