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Which of the following statements about mental illness are true?
- A. Mental illness can cause significant distress, impaired functioning, or both.
- B. Mental illness is only due to social/cultural factors.
- C. Social/cultural factors that relate to mental illness include excessive dependency on or withdrawal from relationships.
- D. Individuals suffering from mental illness are usually able to cope effectively with daily life.
- E. Individuals suffering from mental illness may experience dissatisfaction with relationships and self.
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Mental illness can cause significant distress, impaired functioning, or both. Mental illness may be related to individual, interpersonal, or social/cultural factors. Excessive dependency on or withdrawal from relationships are interpersonal factors that relate to mental illness. Individuals suffering from mental illness can feel overwhelmed with daily life. Individuals suffering from mental illness may experience dissatisfaction with relationships and self.
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The nurse consults the DSM for which of the following purposes?
- A. To devise a plan of care for a newly admitted client
- B. To predict the client's prognosis of treatment outcomes
- C. To document the appropriate diagnostic code in the client's medical record
- D. To serve as a guide for client assessment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The DSM provides standard nomenclature, presents defining characteristics, and identifies underlying causes of mental disorders. It does not provide care plans or prognostic outcomes of treatment. Diagnosis of mental illness is not within the generalist RN's scope of practice, so documenting the code in the medical record would be inappropriate.
A new graduate nurse has accepted a staff position at an inpatient mental health facility. The graduate nurse can expect to be responsible for basic-level functions, including
- A. Providing clinical supervision.
- B. Using effective communication skills.
- C. Adjusting client medications
- D. Directing program development.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Basic-level functions include counseling, milieu therapy, self-care activities, psychobiologic interventions, health teaching, case management, and health promotion and maintenance. Advanced-level functions include psychotherapy, prescriptive authority for drugs, consultation and liaison, evaluation, program development and management, and clinical supervision.
One of the unforeseen effects of the movement toward community mental health services is
- A. Fewer clients suffering from persistent mental illnesses.
- B. An increased number of hospital beds available for clients seeking treatment.
- C. An increased number of admissions to available hospital services.
- D. Longer hospital stays for people needing mental health services.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Although people with severe and persistent mental illness have shorter hospital stays, they are admitted to hospitals more frequently. Although deinstitutionalization reduced the number of public hospital beds by 80%, the number of admissions to those beds correspondingly increased by 90%.
Psychiatric nursing became a requirement in nursing education in which year?
- A. 1930
- B. 1940
- C. 1950
- D. 1960
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It was not until 1950 that the National League for Nursing, which accredits nursing programs, required schools to include an experience in psychiatric nursing.
Which of the following are true regarding mental health and mental illness?
- A. Behavior that may be viewed as acceptable in one culture is always unacceptable in other cultures.
- B. It is easy to determine if a person is mentally healthy or mentally ill.
- C. In most cases, mental health is a state of emotional, psychological, and social wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability.
- D. Persons who engage in fantasies are mentally ill.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: What one society may view as acceptable and appropriate behavior, another society may see that as maladaptive, and inappropriate. Mental health and mental illness are difficult to define precisely. In most cases, mental health is a state of emotional, psychological, and social wellness evidenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, effective behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability. Persons who engage in fantasies may be mentally healthy, but the inability to distinguish reality from fantasy is an individual factor that may contribute to mental illness.