Nokea
Which of the following statements about myeloablative, myeloablative but reduced toxicity, reduced intensity, and non-myeloablative approaches is not correct?
- A. Myeloablative approaches are needed for high-risk malignancies to maximize depth of remission and decrease the likelihood of relapse.
- B. Reduced intensity regimens can be successfully used for most nonmalignant disorders to minimize risk of late effects.
- C. Reduced intensity regimens can markedly decrease the risk of transplant-related mortality in patients who have underlying significant comorbidities but at the cost of more relapse and possibly more graft-versus-host disease.
- D. Non-myeloablative regimens are used for the very highest risk patients to minimize toxicity and for certain diseases such as aplastic anemia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B is the correct answer because reduced intensity regimens are not suitable for most nonmalignant disorders. Myeloablative approaches are typically used for high-risk malignancies to maximize remission depth and reduce relapse likelihood. Reduced intensity regimens are used for patients with significant comorbidities to decrease transplant-related mortality, but may lead to more relapse and graft-versus-host disease. Non-myeloablative regimens are utilized for high-risk patients to minimize toxicity and for specific diseases like aplastic anemia.
You may also like to solve these questions
A study is designed to investigate the rates of central line–associated blood stream infections among pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Three common central line types (totally implanted catheter [port], peripherally inserted central catheter [PICC], and tunneled externalized catheter [TEC]) were included in the study. What data structure is central line type?
- A. Continuous
- B. Dichotomous
- C. Nominal
- D. Ordinal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nominal. The central line types in this study (port, PICC, TEC) are categorical and do not have a natural order or ranking. They are simply names or labels representing different types of central lines. This makes them fall under the nominal data structure category. Continuous data (choice A) would involve measurements with infinite possible values. Dichotomous data (choice B) would have only two categories. Ordinal data (choice D) would imply a natural ranking or order among the categories, which is not applicable in this context.
A study is designed to investigate the rates of central line–associated blood stream infections among pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Three common central line types (totally implanted catheter [port], peripherally inserted central catheter [PICC], and tunneled externalized catheter [TEC]) were included in the study. What data structure is central line type?
- A. Continuous
- B. Dichotomous
- C. Nominal
- D. Ordinal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nominal. Central line type is a nominal data structure because it represents categories without any inherent order or ranking. In this study, the central line types (port, PICC, TEC) are distinct categories with no numerical significance or order. They are simply different types of central lines used for medical purposes. Continuous (A) data involves numerical values with infinite possibilities, which is not the case here. Dichotomous (B) data consists of only two categories, while in this study there are three central line types. Ordinal (D) data involves categories with a specific order or ranking, which is not applicable to central line types as they do not have a natural order.
A nursing student wants to know why clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease tend to be polycythemic. What response by the nurse instructor is best?
- A. It is due to side effects of medications for bronchodilation.
- B. It is from overactive bone marrow in response to chronic disease.
- C. It combats the anemia caused by an increased metabolic rate.
- D. It compensates for tissue hypoxia caused by lung disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the lungs are unable to efficiently exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, leading to tissue hypoxia. The body compensates for this by producing more red blood cells (polycythemia) to increase oxygen-carrying capacity. This helps deliver more oxygen to tissues.
Choice A is incorrect because medications for bronchodilation do not directly cause polycythemia. Choice B is incorrect because overactive bone marrow is not the primary reason for polycythemia in COPD. Choice C is incorrect because polycythemia in COPD is not a response to combat anemia but rather to address tissue hypoxia.
A nurse is caring for four clients. After reviewing today's laboratory results, which client would the nurse assess first?
- A. Client with an international normalized ratio of 2.8
- B. Client with a platelet count of 128,000/mm3 (128 x 109/L).
- C. Client with a prothrombin time (PT) of 28 seconds
- D. Client with a red blood cell count of 5.1 million/mcl. (5.1 x 1012/L)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Client with a prothrombin time (PT) of 28 seconds. A PT measures the time it takes for blood to clot, indicating the client's clotting ability. A PT of 28 seconds is prolonged, suggesting a potential bleeding risk. This client should be assessed first to prevent any complications related to inadequate clotting.
A: Client with an international normalized ratio of 2.8 - Although an elevated INR indicates a risk of bleeding, it is not as time-sensitive as a prolonged PT.
B: Client with a platelet count of 128,000/mm3 - While low platelets can lead to bleeding, a prolonged PT is more critical for immediate assessment.
D: Client with a red blood cell count of 5.1 million/mcl - This value is within normal range and does not indicate an urgent issue related to clotting.
Haemolytic anemia is not produced by:
- A. penicillin
- B. lithium
- C. Quinidine
- D. methyldopa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: lithium. Lithium is not known to cause haemolytic anemia. Penicillin (A), Quinidine (C), and methyldopa (D) are associated with causing haemolytic anemia due to various mechanisms, such as immune-mediated destruction of red blood cells. In contrast, lithium is primarily used to treat mood disorders and does not have a direct link to causing haemolytic anemia. Therefore, by process of elimination and understanding the pharmacological effects of these drugs, we can determine that lithium is the correct answer.