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Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
- A. Each gene contains multiple chromosomes.
- B. Each chromosome contains multiple genes.
- C. Genes and chromosomes are two different things referring to the same entity.
- D. Genes and chromosomes are not interchangeable terms and do not always occur in equal numbers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Each chromosome contains multiple genes. Genes, which are segments of DNA, are located on chromosomes and carry hereditary information. Chromosomes contain many genes, indicating that genes are part of the structure of chromosomes. Choice A is incorrect because genes do not contain chromosomes; rather, they are located on chromosomes. Choice C is incorrect as genes and chromosomes are distinct entities with different functions. Choice D is incorrect because genes and chromosomes are related but not in equal numbers; chromosomes contain multiple genes, but the number of genes can vary between chromosomes.
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Which of the following best describes a function carried out by the circulatory system and the integumentary system working together?
- A. Removal of excess heat from the body
- B. Hormonal regulation of blood pressure
- C. Transport of oxygen in the body
- D. Production of red blood cells in the bone marrow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Removal of excess heat from the body. The circulatory system, which includes blood vessels and the heart, works with the integumentary system, which consists of the skin, to regulate body temperature by removing excess heat. This process involves blood vessels near the skin's surface dilating to release heat and constricting to conserve heat, a mechanism crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Option B, Hormonal regulation of blood pressure, is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the collaborative function of these systems in regulating body temperature. Option C, Transport of oxygen in the body, is incorrect as it focuses on a different function of the circulatory system. Option D, Production of red blood cells in the bone marrow, is incorrect as it pertains to the skeletal and hematopoietic systems, not the circulatory and integumentary systems working together to regulate body temperature.
What units of measurement would a triple beam balance show?
- A. Liters
- B. Grams
- C. Meters
- D. Gallons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A triple beam balance is used to measure mass, typically in grams. Liters, meters, and gallons are units of volume, length, and capacity, respectively, not typically measured using a triple beam balance. Therefore, the correct answer is grams. Choice A, Liters, is a unit of volume. Choice C, Meters, is a unit of length. Choice D, Gallons, is a unit of capacity. These units are not typically measured using a triple beam balance.
Two nursing students will be completing a scientific experiment measuring the mass of chewed gum after one-minute chewing increments. Which lab equipment will the students most likely use?
- A. Triple beam balance
- B. Anemometer
- C. Hot plate
- D. Microscope
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Triple beam balance. A triple beam balance is the most suitable lab equipment for measuring mass accurately, which is necessary for this experiment. An anemometer measures wind speed, a hot plate is used for heating substances, and a microscope is used for magnifying objects, none of which are relevant to measuring the mass of chewed gum.
Which of the following best describes one of the roles of RNA?
- A. Manufacturing the proteins needed from DNA
- B. Creating the bonds between the elements that make up DNA
- C. Sending messages about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA
- D. Forming the identifiable double helix shape of DNA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. RNA serves as a messenger that carries instructions from DNA for protein synthesis. It does not manufacture proteins directly from DNA (choice A), create bonds within DNA (choice B), or form the double helix structure of DNA (choice D). Therefore, the primary role of RNA is to convey information about the correct sequence of proteins to be synthesized based on the DNA sequences it receives.
An atom has 2 protons, 4 neutrons, and 2 electrons. What is the approximate atomic mass of this atom?
- A. 2
- B. 4
- C. 6
- D. 8
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The atomic mass of an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons in its nucleus. In this case, the atom has 2 protons and 4 neutrons, totaling 6 particles in the nucleus. Therefore, the approximate atomic mass of this atom is 6, making choice C incorrect. The number of electrons does not significantly contribute to the atomic mass, as they are much lighter and located in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct calculation of atomic mass based on protons and neutrons only.