Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions

Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Related

Review Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions related questions and content

Which of the following statements are correct? P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach. Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin and secretin are produced by an enteroendocrine cells. R. Pancreas, small intestine and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes. S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells present in the stomach.

  • A. P and Q
  • B. Q and R
  • C. P,Q and R
  • D. P,Q,R and S
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sure! Here is a step-by-step rationale for why answer choice D is correct:

P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach: This statement is correct as the stomach performs mechanical digestion through the churning and mixing of food with gastric juices.

Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin, and secretin are produced by enteroendocrine cells: This statement is correct as these hormones are indeed produced by enteroendocrine cells to regulate various digestive processes.

R. Pancreas, small intestine, and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes: This statement is correct as these organs are key producers of digestive enzymes essential for breaking down food components.

S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells are present in the stomach: This statement is correct as these are the types of cells found in the gastric glands of the stomach responsible for producing mucus, pepsinogen, and hydrochloric acid, respectively.

In summary, all the statements in answer choice D

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The nurse is educating a group of older adults on ways to prevent falls. Which statement made by an older adult indicates the need for further teaching?

  • A. "I will make sure that I wear my glasses when I walk outside."
  • B. "I should make sure my home is free of clutter to prevent tripping."
  • C. "I'll make sure I get up slowly from a sitting position to prevent dizziness."
  • D. "I won't need to wear shoes in the house since I am only walking a short distance."
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Walking barefoot increases the risk of slipping and falling, especially for older adults with balance issues. Wearing shoes indoors provides stability and reduces the risk of falls. Choices A, B, and C all demonstrate good fall prevention strategies by addressing vision, home safety, and orthostatic hypotension respectively.

Priority Decision: In instituting a bowel training program for a patient with fecal incontinence, what should the nurse first plan to do?

  • A. Teach the patient to use a perianal pouch.
  • B. Insert a rectal suppository at the same time every morning.
  • C. Place the patient on a bedpan 30 minutes before breakfast.
  • D. Assist the patient to the bathroom at the time of the patient's normal defecation.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because assisting the patient to the bathroom at the time of their normal defecation helps establish a routine for bowel movements, which is crucial in bowel training. This step maximizes the chances of success by utilizing the body's natural cues. Teaching the patient to use a perianal pouch (A) does not address the underlying issue of incontinence. Inserting a rectal suppository (B) may provide temporary relief but does not promote long-term bowel control. Placing the patient on a bedpan (C) at a specific time does not actively involve the patient in the process of bowel training.

This region of the large intestine has a simple columnar epithelium in its tunica mucosa, smooth muscle in its tunica muscularis, and epiploic appendages attach to its outer surface. This region is called the

  • A. cecum.
  • B. colon.
  • C. rectum.
  • D. anal canal.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: colon. The colon is characterized by having a simple columnar epithelium in its tunica mucosa, smooth muscle in its tunica muscularis, and epiploic appendages attached to its outer surface. The cecum (A) is a pouch-like structure at the beginning of the large intestine. The rectum (C) is the final segment of the large intestine before the anal canal (D). The anal canal is lined by stratified squamous epithelium, not simple columnar epithelium like the colon.

Using MyPlate as a guide, what changes could the nurse suggest to bring the man's diet more in line with nutrition recommendations?

  • A. Increase fruits and vegetables
  • B. Decrease protein intake
  • C. Increase fat intake
  • D. Increase calorie intake
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase fruits and vegetables. MyPlate recommends filling half of your plate with fruits and vegetables. By suggesting this change, the nurse can help the man consume more essential nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants. This will improve his overall diet quality. Decreasing protein intake (B) may lead to inadequate protein consumption, which is essential for muscle health. Increasing fat intake (C) may lead to excess calorie intake and weight gain. Increasing calorie intake (D) may not be necessary and could lead to weight gain if not balanced with physical activity.

Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?

  • A. glycogen storage
  • B. detoxification
  • C. synthesis of clotting proteins
  • D. erythropoiesis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: erythropoiesis. The liver does not have a primary role in the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), which is mainly carried out by the bone marrow.
A: The liver stores glycogen for energy regulation.
B: Detoxification is a crucial function of the liver, breaking down harmful substances.
C: The liver synthesizes clotting proteins like fibrinogen.
In summary, while the liver is vital for glycogen storage, detoxification, and clotting protein synthesis, it does not play a significant role in erythropoiesis.

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