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Which of the following statements indicate the importance of epidemiology to the community health nurse? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
- A. Epidemiology interprets legislation in the community
- B. Epidemiology evaluates the effectiveness of nursing interventions
- C. Epidemiology analyzes and examines the root causes of health outcomes
- D. Epidemiology defines the burden of disease and determinants of health
- E. Epidemiology relates to the health status of a population
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: The correct answers are B, C, D, and E. The importance of epidemiology to the community health nurse lies in its ability to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions (B), analyze and examine the root causes of health outcomes (C), define the burden of disease and determinants of health (D), and relate to the health status of a population (E). By evaluating interventions, nurses can ensure they are evidence-based. Analyzing root causes helps in developing targeted interventions. Defining the burden of disease guides resource allocation. Relating to the health status aids in planning and implementing community health programs. Choices A, F, and G are incorrect as epidemiology does not primarily focus on interpreting legislation or other unrelated aspects.
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A registered nurse (RN) and an experienced licensed practical nurse (LPN) are caring for a group of clients. Which of the following tasks should the RN delegate to the LPN?SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
- A. Monitoring vital signs of postoperative clients
- B. Administering routine medications to stable clients
- C. Performing wound care on a client with a Stage III pressure ulcer
- D. Developing a teaching plan for a client newly diagnosed with Type II Diabetes
- E. Providing oral care to an unconscious client
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The correct tasks to delegate to the LPN include monitoring vital signs, administering routine medications, performing wound care, and providing oral care. RNs are responsible for assessing clients, developing care plans, and making critical decisions. LPNs can safely perform tasks that do not require advanced assessment or critical thinking skills. Monitoring vital signs, administering routine medications, performing wound care, and providing oral care are all within the scope of practice for LPNs and do not require the level of expertise or decision-making that an RN would provide. Developing a teaching plan for a newly diagnosed client with Type II Diabetes requires a higher level of education and expertise, making it inappropriate to delegate to an LPN.
A nurse is teaching the family of a client who has a new diagnosis of epilepsy about actions to take if the client experiences a seizure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Insert a padded tongue blade into the client's mouth
- B. Restrain the client
- C. Move objects away from the client
- D. Place the client on his back
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Move objects away from the client. This instruction is crucial to prevent injury during a seizure by creating a safe environment. Placing objects away from the client reduces the risk of them hitting or injuring themselves. It also allows for a clear space for the client's movements during the seizure.
Choice A is incorrect as inserting a padded tongue blade can cause injury and obstruct the client's airway. Choice B is incorrect as restraining the client can lead to further injury and is not recommended during a seizure. Choice D is incorrect as placing the client on their back can increase the risk of choking or aspiration if they vomit during the seizure.
A nurse is educating nursing students on the importance of client-centered community-based care. The nurse understands that which of the following principles is most essential to client-centered, community-based care in nursing?
- A. Encouraging clients to make decisions without considering their cultural or social background
- B. Ensuring that care plans are tailored to the individual needs and preferences of clients within their community
- C. Focusing primarily on the medical treatment of diseases within a hospital setting
- D. Prioritizing the efficiency of healthcare delivery over patient satisfaction and outcomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Ensuring that care plans are tailored to the individual needs and preferences of clients within their community.
Rationale:
1. Client-centered care emphasizes individuality: By tailoring care plans to individual needs and preferences, nurses show respect for each client's unique circumstances.
2. Community-based care focuses on local resources: By considering the community context, nurses can incorporate resources and support systems specific to the client's environment.
3. Personalized care enhances outcomes: Addressing individual needs leads to better engagement, adherence, and overall health outcomes for clients.
4. Promotes empowerment and autonomy: Involving clients in care planning based on their preferences fosters autonomy and empowers them to actively participate in their own health management.
Summary:
- Choice A neglects the importance of cultural and social backgrounds in decision-making, which are key factors in providing client-centered care.
- Choice C focuses on a hospital setting, not community-based care.
- Choice D prioritizes efficiency over patient satisfaction,
A nurse is monitoring a client who had a cerebral aneurysm rupture. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Tinnitus
- C. Hypotension
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. Increased ICP can lead to hypertension due to the body's compensatory mechanisms trying to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure. Hypertension helps to ensure an adequate blood flow to the brain despite the increased pressure. Tinnitus (B) is not typically associated with increased ICP. Hypotension (C) is more likely to occur in cases of shock or hypovolemia. Tachycardia (D) may be present in response to increased ICP, but hypertension is a more specific manifestation of increased intracranial pressure.
The nurse is preparing for an initial home care visit for a client with diabetes. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
- A. Going automatically into the client's bedroom
- B. Thanking the client for arranging a home visit
- C. Arranging mutual future visits
- D. Asking how they are managing at home
- E. Sitting down and discussing with the client and family members
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: The correct actions (C, D, E) are appropriate for the initial home care visit for a client with diabetes. C is correct because arranging mutual future visits establishes continuity of care. D is correct since asking about home management helps assess the client's self-care abilities. E is essential as it promotes open communication and involvement of the client and family in the care plan. A is incorrect as entering the client's bedroom without permission violates privacy. B is incorrect as it is general politeness and not specific to diabetes care.