Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System

Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System related questions and content

Which of the following statements is true?

  • A. The hypothalamus makes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are transported to the posterior pituitary for storage.
  • B. Antidiuretic hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, causes urine volume to increase and blood volume to decrease.
  • C. Luteinizing hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone, triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogens.
  • D. Hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone leads to sterility in both males and females.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Choice A:
1. The hypothalamus produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
2. These hormones are transported via the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system to the posterior pituitary for storage.
3. When needed, the posterior pituitary releases these hormones into the bloodstream.
4. Oxytocin is involved in labor and milk ejection, while ADH regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Summary of other Choices:
B. Incorrect - ADH, when released, causes urine volume to decrease and blood volume to increase by increasing water reabsorption.
C. Incorrect - Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and stimulates progesterone production but is released by the anterior pituitary, not the hypothalamus.
D. Incorrect - Hyposecretion of FSH or LH can lead to infertility, not necessarily sterility, and the effects differ between males and females.

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The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the production and secretion of hormones from the:

  • A. adrenal cortex
  • B. anterior pituitary gland
  • C. posterior pituitary gland
  • D. thyroid gland
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: anterior pituitary gland. The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel to the anterior pituitary gland through the hypophyseal portal system, where they regulate the production and secretion of various hormones. This control mechanism ensures proper hormonal balance in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the adrenal cortex, posterior pituitary gland, and thyroid gland are not directly regulated by the hypothalamus through releasing and inhibiting hormones.

The following sympathomimetic drug is a catecholamine:

  • A. Ephedrine
  • B. Phenylephrine
  • C. Phentolamine
  • D. Isoprenaline
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why D (Isoprenaline) is the correct answer:
1. Isoprenaline is a catecholamine because it has a catechol structure, which consists of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups.
2. Catecholamines are a class of neurotransmitters that include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
3. Isoprenaline acts as a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist, stimulating both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors.
4. Its pharmacological effects include increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and vasodilation.

Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug but is not a catecholamine as it lacks the catechol structure.
B. Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts as an alpha-adrenergic agonist,

Muscarinic receptors can be stimulated by the following drugs EXCEPT:

  • A. Pilocarpine
  • B. Hyoscine
  • C. Acetylcholine
  • D. Neostigmine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyoscine. Muscarinic receptors can be stimulated by Pilocarpine, Acetylcholine, and Neostigmine, as they are known agonists of muscarinic receptors. Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, is an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, blocking their stimulation. This makes it the exception among the listed drugs.

Which one of the following hormones is secreted by neurones?

  • A. Insulin
  • B. Oxytocin
  • C. Thyroid stimulating hormone
  • D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxytocin. Neurones secrete oxytocin, a hormone involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation. Neurones release oxytocin from the hypothalamus into the bloodstream. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic cells, not neurones. Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, and cortisol is released by the adrenal glands. Therefore, the correct answer is oxytocin as it is the hormone secreted by neurones.

ADH ________.

  • A. increases urine production
  • B. promotes dehydration
  • C. is produced in the adenohypophysis
  • D. is inhibited by alcohol
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because alcohol inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. ADH helps regulate water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output. Alcohol impairs this process, leading to increased urine production and dehydration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because ADH decreases urine production, prevents dehydration, and is produced in the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), not the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary).

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