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Which of the following statements offers a supporting argument for the passage's claim that many coastal islands are eroding?
- A. Recent hurricane seasons have been expensive.
- B. The Atlantic Basin is entering an active period.
- C. Louisiana has lost 2,000 square miles of coastal land.
- D. Barrier islands are the first line of defense against coastal storms.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Statement C directly provides evidence of coastal land erosion by stating that Louisiana has lost a significant amount of coastal land area. This supports the passage's claim that many coastal islands are eroding. Choice A is incorrect because the expense of recent hurricane seasons does not directly relate to coastal land erosion. Choice B is incorrect as the active period of the Atlantic Basin does not specifically address coastal land erosion. Choice D, while related to coastal storms, does not directly support the claim that many coastal islands are eroding.
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Which of the following sentences uses the word 'smart' with a negative connotation, rather than a positive connotation or simply the word's denotation?
- A. Eliot's teacher said he was not quite gifted, but too smart for a general class.
- B. Eliot was smart to have studied the day before the test; he got a good grade.
- C. Eliot was identified by his teacher as one of the smart students in her classes.
- D. Eliot got into trouble when he gave a smart answer to his teacher's question.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In sentence D, the word 'smart' is used with a negative connotation as it describes Eliot getting into trouble for giving a smart answer to his teacher's question. This implies that being smart in this context led to a negative consequence. Choices A, B, and C use 'smart' in a positive or neutral light, highlighting intelligence or wise decisions without any negative implications.
According to the passage, what effect does encountering an automobile with eighteen wheels have on the hypothesis 'All automobiles have only four wheels'?
- A. It proves the hypothesis.
- B. It raises the hypothesis's probability.
- C. It disproves the hypothesis.
- D. It decreases the hypothesis's probability.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Encountering an automobile with eighteen wheels contradicts the hypothesis that all automobiles have only four wheels. This contradicts the initial hypothesis, proving it to be false. The passage explains that when evidence disproves a hypothesis, it directly contradicts the hypothesis, leading to its disproof. In the context of the monkey example provided, encountering a hairless monkey out of many hairy monkeys disproved the hypothesis 'All monkeys are hairy.' Therefore, the presence of an automobile with eighteen wheels disproves the hypothesis that all automobiles have only four wheels. Other choices are incorrect because encountering such an automobile directly contradicts the initial hypothesis, leading to its disproof, rather than proving it, raising its probability, or decreasing its probability.
Which of the following is true about calcium-rich foods? I. Canned salmon with bones contains calcium. II. Cheese is a lactose-free food. III. Condensed soup made with water is a calcium-rich food.
- A. I only
- B. I and II only
- C. II and III only
- D. III only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'I only.' Canned salmon with bones contains calcium as the bones are a good source of calcium, making statement I true. However, statement II is false as cheese is not a lactose-free food. Statement III is also incorrect as condensed soup made with water is not necessarily a calcium-rich food. Other calcium-rich options include dairy products like milk, yogurt, and specific non-dairy products like calcium-fortified juices, canned fish with bones, soybeans, and leafy greens.
The passage describes recent hurricane seasons as the most expensive on record. Which of the following statements gives the implied reason for this increased expense?
- A. Hurricane Katrina was an extremely violent storm.
- B. Valuable buildings were destroyed in New Orleans.
- C. The Atlantic Basin is entering an active period.
- D. Destruction of barrier islands and coastal wetlands has left the mainland exposed.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The destruction of barrier islands and coastal wetlands has left the mainland exposed, leading to increased damage and expenses from hurricanes. This implies a direct reason for the increased cost of recent hurricane seasons. The other choices do not directly address the reason for the increased expenses. Choice A talks about the intensity of Hurricane Katrina but does not explain the overall trend of increased expenses. Choice B mentions buildings being destroyed, which is a consequence rather than a reason for increased expenses. Choice C discusses an active period in the Atlantic Basin but does not connect it to the increased costs of hurricane seasons.
In a lesson on mass media, a teacher is showing commercials and analyzing their hidden messages. Which of the following is an example of a commercial that claims professional authority not supported by evidence?
- A. A commercial selling pain relief featuring a professional basketball player who says he uses the product
- B. A commercial for cold medicine narrated by a man in a doctor's coat
- C. A commercial for a new toy showing footage of children playing happily with it
- D. A commercial for a prepared food with testimonials by real consumers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The commercial for cold medicine narrated by a man in a doctor's coat is the correct answer. This commercial claims professional authority without providing any evidence of the narrator's credentials. While the man may appear to be a doctor with his coat, there is no proof that he is actually a medical professional or that the product is recommended by experts. This lack of evidence can mislead consumers by giving the product an air of legitimacy and credibility without factual support. Choices A, C, and D do not fit the criteria as they involve a professional athlete endorsing a product, children enjoying a toy, and real consumers providing testimonials respectively.