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Which of the following statements regarding the individual responses to trauma and stressors is a positive outcome?
- A. Many individuals are unable to cope with the event, manage their stress and emotions, or resume the daily activities of their lives.
- B. Some individuals may develop enhanced coping as a result of dealing with the stressor.
- C. These events are only significant in individuals who have risk for or actual mental health problems or issues.
- D. Large numbers or groups of people may be affected by a traumatic event.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Developing enhanced coping skills after dealing with a stressor is a positive outcome, unlike persistent inability to cope or the misconception that only those with mental health risks are affected.
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Which of the following might the nurse recognize as longer-term responses to trauma and stress?
- A. Acute stress disorder
- B. Posttraumatic stress disorder
- C. Adjustment disorder
- D. Reactive attachment disorder
- E. Dissociative disorder
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Longer-term responses include PTSD, adjustment disorder, reactive attachment disorder, and dissociative disorder, as they persist beyond the acute phase, unlike acute stress disorder.
Three years after the death of her father in an ICU, the infection prevention nurse was visiting an ICU in a different hospital to complete a chart review. At one point, the nurse looked at a bed where the patient who had the same diagnosis as her father had and saw her father's facial features on the patient and had a sense of panic. In a few moments, the nurse realized that the patient in the bed was not her father. Which of these manifestations of PTSD was this nurse experiencing?
- A. A flashback
- B. Emotional numbing
- C. Hyperarousal
- D. A dream
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse experienced a flashback, reliving the trauma by perceiving her father's features, triggered by a similar ICU setting, distinct from numbing, hyperarousal, or dreaming.
Which of the following interventions would be most effective for friends and family members to implement in order to boost the self-esteem of a person who has just experienced trauma or abuse?
- A. To identify a list of support people or activities in the community
- B. To remind them to calm down when they appear to be experiencing a flashback
- C. To encourage them to tell their story repeatedly to everyone they meet
- D. To help them to refocus their view of themselves from being victims to being survivors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reframing the person as a survivor rather than a victim fosters empowerment and boosts self-esteem, unlike social support lists or unhelpful flashback interventions.
Which of the following is true about the use of touch with a client with dissociative identity disorder?
- A. It is best not to touch the client without his or her permission.
- B. Make sure the client knows the touch is friendly and supportive.
- C. Touch the client only if you are in his or her direct line of vision.
- D. Touching will convey a sense of security to the client.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Given potential abuse histories, obtaining permission before touching respects the client's boundaries and comfort, unlike assuming touch is inherently supportive or safe.
Which of the following outcomes would take priority for a client who has survived trauma or abuse?
- A. The client will demonstrate healthy, effective ways of dealing with the stress.
- B. The client will be physically safe.
- C. The client will establish a social support system in the community.
- D. The client will distinguish between ideas of self-harm and taking action on those ideas.
- E. The client will express emotions nondestructively.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Ensuring physical safety and distinguishing self-harm thoughts from actions are top priorities to prevent immediate harm, surpassing other therapeutic goals.