Nokea
Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is FALSE?
- A. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown overactivation of reward-encoding brain regions and/or deficiency in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
- B. The homeostatic weight regulation circuitry centres around the corticolimbic structures of the brain
- C. Liking and wanting of food are subconscious processes
- D. The reward system of weight regulation is nonhomeostatic in nature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight regulation involves homeostatic (hypothalamic) and nonhomeostatic (reward-driven) systems. fMRI studies showing reward region overactivation in obesity, subconscious liking/wanting, and the reward system's nonhomeostatic nature are true. However, homeostatic regulation centers on the hypothalamus, not corticolimbic structures (involved in reward/emotion), making this false. Understanding this distinction aids physicians in addressing both physiological and behavioral drivers in chronic obesity management.
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The nurse should suggest which food choice when providing dietary teaching for a patient scheduled to receive external-beam radiation for abdominal cancer?
- A. Fruit salad
- B. Baked chicken
- C. Creamed broccoli
- D. Toasted wheat bread
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal radiation zaps the gut, sparking diarrhea from irritated bowels baked chicken's lean protein fuels healing without roughage to rile things up. Fruit salad's fiber and whole-grain toast's bulk worsen diarrhea; dairy in creamed broccoli risks lactose issues post-radiation. Nurses steer patients here to low-residue diets, dodging raw fruits and grains that scrape an already tender GI tract. In oncology, it's about balancing nutrition with symptom control chicken keeps strength up without the bowel chaos, key for tolerating treatment.
A hospitalized patient who has received chemotherapy for leukemia develops neutropenia. Which observation by the nurse would indicate a need for further teaching?
- A. The patient ambulates around the room.
- B. The patient's visitors bring in fresh peaches.
- C. The patient cleans with a warm washcloth after having a stool.
- D. The patient uses soap and shampoo to shower every other day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neutropenia post-chemo drops immunity fresh peaches with thin skins harbor bacteria, a no-no on neutropenic diets. Walking , cleaning post-stool , and mild showers are fine safe self-care. Nurses in oncology reteach this raw fruits are infection traps, a critical miss for this fragile patient.
Which of the following models calls for a political response to disability?
- A. Social
- B. Medical
- C. Activist
- D. Collaborative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Social model demands political fixes disability's a society fail, not body flaw nurses see it push access, not just meds. Medical treats; activist's vague; collaborative teams up, no policy call. It's a chronic shift, environment over anatomy.
Which organism is most commonly responsible for travelers diarrhea?
- A. toxigenic strain of e coli
- B. clostridium difficile
- C. salmonella
- D. rotavirus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Travelers' trots E. coli's toxigenic strain leads, not C. diff, salmonella, rotavirus, or cholera's flood. Nurses peg this chronic globe-trotter.
Mr Tan, a 50-year-old with hypertension, sees you for a routine review. He reports three gout flares in the past two months, relieved with three days of Arcoxia for each episode. You perform some blood tests, which result in the following returns: Creatinine 95 umol/L, eGFR >90 mL/min, Uric acid 460 mmol/L, HbA1c 5.4 percent, Random hypo-count 7.5 mmol/L. He is currently on Amlodipine 10 mg OM. He does not drink alcohol except one glass of wine once or twice a year on special occasions. His BMI is 20.5 kg/m². Which is the most appropriate next step?
- A. Prescribe NSAIDs standby for gout flare
- B. Offer dietary advice and advise regular exercise only
- C. Discuss urate lowering therapy as he has had >2 gout flares in the past year, ideally with colchicine prophylaxis
- D. Offer exercise and dietary advice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Three gout flares in two months uric acid 460 beg for urate-lowering therapy like allopurinol, with colchicine to dodge attacks, fitting >2 flares yearly guideline. NSAIDs or steroids treat, not prevent; diet and exercise tweak, not tame, this level. Clinicians push this combo, curbing chronic gout's fire, a proactive leap.