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Which of the following structures is responsible for the production of saliva, which aids in lubricating the oral cavity and initiating the digestion of carbohydrates?
- A. Liver
- B. Gallbladder
- C. Salivary glands
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The salivary glands are responsible for the production of saliva, which aids in lubricating the oral cavity and initiating the digestion of carbohydrates. Saliva contains enzymes that begin the digestive process by breaking down carbohydrates into simpler sugars. The liver is involved in the production of bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver, which is released into the small intestine. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
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Nurse Rey with the members of the team. from a tertiary hospital is going for their annual outreach program Operation TULI". There were 3000 patients who came in the morning with only 4 doctors, 3 nurses and 1 pharmacist. Due to the volume of patients, Nurse Rey, was asked to participate in per forming circumcision with the rest of the doctors. Nurse Rey can be 1iable of committing
- A. assault
- B. tort
- C. invasion of privacy
- D. malpractice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nurse Rey can be liable for committing malpractice. Malpractice refers to professional negligence or failure to provide the standard of care expected in a particular medical situation. In this scenario, Nurse Rey is not qualified or authorized to perform circumcisions, as it falls outside of the scope of practice for a nurse. By participating in performing circumcisions without the necessary qualifications and training, Nurse Rey is potentially putting patients at risk and not providing the appropriate standard of care expected from a healthcare professional. This could be considered as malpractice, for which Nurse Rey may be held liable.
A nurse is preparing to perform an intramuscular (IM) injection for a patient. What action should the nurse take to ensure proper injection technique?
- A. Selecting a small-gauge needle to minimize patient discomfort
- B. Administering the injection rapidly to reduce patient anxiety
- C. Aspirating the syringe to confirm needle placement before injection
- D. Inserting the needle at a 90-degree angle into the muscle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When performing an intramuscular (IM) injection, the nurse should insert the needle at a 90-degree angle into the muscle. This angle helps ensure proper and deep penetration into the muscle tissue for effective administration of the medication. It also helps prevent leakage or tissue damage at the injection site. Additionally, inserting the needle at a 90-degree angle facilitates accurate delivery of the medication into the muscle where it can be absorbed properly. Therefore, selecting the correct angle for inserting the needle is critical in ensuring the success and effectiveness of the IM injection.
Despite the short staffing, Nurse Cirila also has the responsibility to maintain safe environment for her pediatric patients. The following are the indicators that Nurse Cirila has achieved this goal, EXCEPT __________.
- A. Proper disposal of waste according to color coding
- B. Adherence to policies, protocols and procedures in the prevention and control of infection prevention.
- C. Assessing the competencies of a staff before delegating a task
- D. Observance of protocols in cases of earthquakes, fire and other emergencies.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The indicators listed indicate measures that Nurse Cirila can take to maintain a safe environment for her pediatric patients. However, assessing the competencies of staff before delegating a task is more related to ensuring effective delegation and appropriate task assignment rather than directly ensuring a safe environment for patients. While it is important to delegate tasks to qualified staff, this specific action does not directly contribute to maintaining a safe environment in the same manner as the other indicators listed (proper waste disposal, infection control, emergency protocols).
A nurse is delegating tasks to a nursing assistant. What principle should guide the nurse's delegation decisions?
- A. Delegating tasks according to the assistant's job description
- B. Assigning tasks based on the assistant's level of experience
- C. Delegating tasks that the nurse prefers not to perform
- D. Providing tasks that are routine and do not require nursing judgment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a nurse is delegating tasks to a nursing assistant, the principle that should guide the nurse's delegation decisions is assigning tasks based on the assistant's level of experience (Option B). It is essential to take into consideration the skills, competencies, and experience level of the nursing assistant to ensure that the tasks delegated are suitable for them to perform safely and effectively. Delegating tasks beyond the assistant's level of experience may result in errors, inefficiencies, or compromised patient care. Therefore, matching tasks with the assistant's experience level is crucial in successful delegation and providing quality patient care.
When the nurse researcher collects data at more than one point over an extended period, which design is applied?
- A. Cross-sectional
- B. Time sequenced
- C. Time-related
- D. Longitudinal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a longitudinal study design, the nurse researcher collects data at multiple points over an extended period of time. This design allows for the examination of changes or trends over time within the same group of participants. It helps in understanding the long-term effects and relationships between variables by tracking the same individuals over a prolonged duration. This design is particularly useful in studying developmental patterns, chronic diseases, or long-term treatment outcomes.