Nokea
Which of the following tests is positive in pelvic inflammatory disease?
- A. Cervical excitation test
- B. Chadwick sign
- C. Jacquiners sign
- D. Palmers sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cervical excitation test. The cervical excitation test is positive in pelvic inflammatory disease. This test involves pain or tenderness upon movement of the cervix, indicating inflammation of the pelvic organs. Chadwick sign (choice B) refers to a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia due to increased vascularity and is not a test for PID. Jacquiners sign (choice C) and Palmers sign (choice D) are not recognized clinical signs or tests for PID, making them incorrect choices.
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What is the function of luteinizing hormone?
- A. Maintains the corpus luteum
- B. Ripens the Graafian follicle
- C. Prepares the breasts for lactation
- D. Produces regrowth of the endometrium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Luteinizing hormone is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum after ovulation. This is crucial for the production of progesterone, which helps prepare the endometrium for implantation and supports early pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, C is mainly regulated by prolactin, and D is primarily associated with estrogen and progesterone.
What is an organelle that helps the sperm to penetrate the ovum?
- A. Acrosome
- B. Zona pellucida
- C. Megalis
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Acrosome. The acrosome is an organelle located at the head of a sperm cell and contains enzymes that aid in the penetration of the ovum during fertilization. The Zona pellucida is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the ovum, not an organelle. Megalis is not a relevant organelle in this context. Therefore, the correct choice is A, Acrosome.
In missed abortion, what will the woman often experience?
- A. Severe cramping and lower abdominal pains
- B. Brownish vaginal discharge
- C. Profuse per vagina bleeding
- D. Open cervical OS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In missed abortion, the woman often experiences brownish vaginal discharge. This is known as a symptom of missed abortion. Severe cramping and lower abdominal pains (Choice A) are more characteristic of an incomplete abortion, where not all pregnancy tissue is expelled. Profuse per vagina bleeding (Choice C) is more commonly associated with a complete abortion. Open cervical OS (Choice D) is a physical finding and not a typical symptom reported by the woman in missed abortion.
Appropriate Technologies and Skills involve:
- A. Selecting technologies according to universal standards.
- B. Ensuring a doctor is present at the service-providing facility.
- C. Requiring that health care providers are nurses.
- D. Selecting technologies that are easy to use but not necessarily effective.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Selecting technologies according to universal standards.' Appropriate technologies and skills involve choosing tools and methods based on universal standards to ensure effectiveness and efficiency. Choice B is incorrect because the presence of a doctor is not necessarily a defining factor for appropriate technologies and skills. Choice C is incorrect as appropriate technologies are not limited to being utilized only by nurses. Choice D is incorrect as the focus should be on selecting technologies that are both easy to use and effective, not one or the other.
Which of the following investigations is done in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?
- A. Paracentesis
- B. Culdocentesis
- C. Hysterectomy
- D. Douching
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Culdocentesis is the correct procedure performed to assess the pelvic cavity, often used in the diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. Paracentesis involves the aspiration of fluid from the abdominal cavity, not typically done for PID. Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus and is not a diagnostic investigation for PID. Douching is a hygiene practice and not a diagnostic procedure for PID.