Nokea
Which of the following variables will he likely EXCLUDE in his study?
- A. Salary of nurses
- B. Responsiveness of staff
- C. Caring attitude of nurses
- D. Competence of nurses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Salary of nurses. In a study, the researcher is likely to exclude salary as it is not directly related to the quality of patient care. The focus should be on factors like responsiveness, caring attitude, and competence of nurses, which directly impact patient outcomes. Including salary may introduce bias and distract from the main objective of studying patient care quality. Responsiveness, caring attitude, and competence are crucial aspects of nursing care that directly influence patient satisfaction and health outcomes. Salary, on the other hand, is an external factor that may not directly correlate with the quality of care provided.
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Nurse Rica, would like to start a conversation, which comunication technique she should use?
- A. Clarifying
- B. Challenging
- C. Restating
- D. Broad opening
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Broad opening. Nurse Rica should use this communication technique to encourage the patient to freely express themselves without leading or interrupting. This technique helps build rapport and trust, setting a positive tone for the conversation.
A: Clarifying may be too direct and might make the patient feel pressured.
B: Challenging can create defensiveness and hinder open communication.
C: Restating may not be as effective in initiating a conversation as broad opening.
In summary, broad opening allows for a more open and relaxed conversation, fostering a conducive environment for effective communication with the patient.
The nurse is aware that which occurrence in the patient 's health history suggests the diagnosis of GBS?
- A. viral illness few weeks before
- B. encephalitis
- C. severe bacterial infection
- D. meningitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a viral illness few weeks before can trigger Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) due to the body's immune response attacking the peripheral nerves. Encephalitis (B), severe bacterial infection (C), and meningitis (D) are not directly linked to GBS pathophysiology. Viral infections are known to precede GBS development, making choice A the most appropriate option.
Which of the following clinical manifestations is most indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
- A. Hypocapnia with respiratory alkalosis
- B. Bradypnea with metabolic acidosis
- C. Tachypnea with hypoxemia refractory to supplemental oxygen
- D. Hypercapnia with hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
- ARDS is characterized by severe hypoxemia and respiratory distress.
- Tachypnea is a hallmark sign of ARDS due to the body's compensatory mechanism to increase oxygenation.
- Hypoxemia refractory to supplemental oxygen signifies the inability to improve oxygen levels despite intervention.
- Choices A, B, and D do not align with typical manifestations of ARDS, as they do not directly reflect severe hypoxemia or respiratory distress.
A patient presents with recurrent episodes of throat pain, odynophagia, and fever. Physical examination reveals tonsillar enlargement with yellow-white exudates and tender cervical lymphadenopathy. Which of the following organisms is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- B. Haemophilus influenzae
- C. Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS)
- D. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS). GAS is the most likely organism responsible for this presentation, known as acute bacterial tonsillitis. GAS commonly causes symptoms such as throat pain, odynophagia, fever, tonsillar enlargement with exudates, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Streptococcal pharyngitis is a common bacterial infection of the throat caused by GAS. The other options are less likely as Streptococcus pneumoniae typically causes pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae is associated with respiratory tract infections. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) commonly causes infectious mononucleosis, which presents with different symptoms than those described in the question.
Which of the following is an example of a PRIMARY) source in a research study?
- A. A textbook of medical-surgical nursing
- B. A doctoral dissertation that critiques all research in the area of attention deficit disorder
- C. A published commentary on the findings of another study
- D. A journal article about a study that used large, previously unpublished databases generated
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a journal article about a study using large, previously unpublished databases is a primary source as it presents original research findings firsthand. It contributes new knowledge to the field. A textbook (A) compiles existing information, not original research. A doctoral dissertation (B) critiques research but is not a primary source. A published commentary (C) interprets others' findings, making it a secondary source.