Nokea
Which of the following would be the most appropriate nursing intervention when caring for a client with a fractured rib?
- A. Apply immobilization device after examination by physician
- B. Discourage taking deep breaths if breathing is painful
- C. Advice against using analgesics and regional nerve blocks
- D. Encourage increased fluid intake if pulmonary contusion exists
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Applying an immobilization device after physician evaluation helps stabilize the rib and reduce pain. B (discouraging deep breaths) is harmful as it can lead to atelectasis. C (advising against analgesics) is incorrect because pain management is essential. D (increasing fluid intake) is secondary and depends on the presence of pulmonary complications.
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How does the pressure 'P4' at label '4' compare to the pressure 'P5' at label '5'?
- A. P4 is higher than P5 during inhalation and then lower during exhalation
- B. P4 is always higher than P5
- C. P4 is always lower than P5
- D. P4 always equals P5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because pressure decreases as air moves from a region of higher pressure to lower pressure. At label '4', the air pressure is higher due to inhalation, and at label '5', the pressure is lower as air exits during exhalation. Therefore, P4 is always lower than P5. Choices A and B are incorrect because pressure dynamics change during inhalation and exhalation. Choice D is incorrect as pressure imbalances exist during breathing.
Partial pressure of Oxygen in the inspired and expired air is respectively
- A. 158 and 116 mm Hg
- B. 158 and 40 mm Hg
- C. 100 and 95 nn Hg
- D. 40 and 95 mm Hg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (158 and 40 mm Hg) because the partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air is approximately 158 mm Hg, while in expired air it decreases to around 40 mm Hg due to oxygen being taken up by the body tissues for metabolism. Choice A (158 and 116 mm Hg) is incorrect because expired air has a lower partial pressure of oxygen than inspired air. Choice C (100 and 95 mm Hg) is incorrect as it does not reflect the significant decrease in oxygen partial pressure from inspired to expired air. Choice D (40 and 95 mm Hg) is incorrect as it has the values reversed, with expired air having a higher partial pressure of oxygen than inspired air, which is not physiologically accurate.
A black client with asthma seeks emergency care for acute respiratory distress. Because of this client's dark skin, the nurse should assess for cyanosis by inspecting the:
- A. Lips
- B. Mucous membranes
- C. Nail beds
- D. Earlobes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mucous membranes. Cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, is an important sign of respiratory distress. In individuals with dark skin, cyanosis may be more easily detected in the mucous membranes, such as the lips and oral mucosa, compared to the skin. The lips (choice A), nail beds (choice C), and earlobes (choice D) may not always show cyanosis clearly in individuals with darker skin tones. Therefore, assessing the mucous membranes is the best option for identifying cyanosis accurately in this scenario.
In medical term shortness of breathing known as
- A. SOB
- B. dyspnea
- C. Both a and b
- D. non of these
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Both A and B. "SOB" is the abbreviation for shortness of breath, while "dyspnea" is the medical term for difficulty breathing. Both terms are used interchangeably to describe the sensation of breathing difficulty. Choosing C is correct because it encompasses both terms that are synonymous with the medical condition. Option D is incorrect because there are appropriate terms for shortness of breathing, which are provided in options A and B. Option A is incorrect because it only provides the abbreviation for the term without the actual medical term. Option B is incorrect because it only provides one of the terms used to describe shortness of breathing, while the correct answer includes both terms.
Foetal hemoglobin has a Sigmoid dissociation curve which is shifted to left relative to adult Hb because
- A. Foetal Hb has higher P50
- B. Foetal HB has lower P50 (18-20 mm Hg) than Adult Hb (26.6 mm.Hg)
- C. Foetal Hb readily accept Oxygen
- D. Foetal Hb easily remove Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because foetal Hb has a lower P50 (18-20 mm Hg) than adult Hb (26.6 mm Hg). A lower P50 indicates higher oxygen affinity, allowing foetal Hb to bind oxygen more readily at lower partial pressures. This shift to the left of the dissociation curve ensures efficient oxygen transfer from the maternal bloodstream to the foetus. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because foetal Hb having a higher P50 (A), readily accepting oxygen (C), or easily removing carbon dioxide (D) would not explain the left shift in the dissociation curve.